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中外高速铁路发展与安全防灾体系研究

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Agricultural Science&Technology,201 4,1 5(1 O):1 805—1 808,1 825 Copyright 201 4.Information Institute of HAAS.All rights resewed Resources and Environment High--speed Railway Development and Disaster Prevention and Safety Mon itori ng System at Home and Abroad Xinqiang CUI ,Jia FU,Xiaolan ZHOU,Juan DAI,Jing LIU Hubei Meteorological Service Center,Wuhan 430074,China Abstract With consideration of railway operation in China and accompanying acci. dents and breakdowns,high—speed railway in China,Japan,France and Germany was analyzed,and the suggestions in intensifying high—speed railway safety and 中外高速铁路发展与安全防灾 体系研究 崔新强 ,付佳,周筱兰,代娟,刘静(湖北省 象服务t}I. .湖北武汉430074) 摘 要 针对近年束我 高速铁路运 方而 ‘disaster prevention were proposed,providing references for high—speed railway safety management and operation. Key words High-speed railway;Safety and disaster prevention;Characte stics anal- ysis 扛敞0放障多发、频发的现状,从分析我旧歧 ft本、法『t 、德周等发达 家高速铁路发展状 W ihthig rh—sapeide d dreavilwelaoyp min eCnht inoaf, accidents and maIfunctiOns involving high・-speed trains are grow・・ ing,resulting frOm rainstorm,thunder, gale,and haze.Currently,high-speed railway is developing.and the evalua— tion on influence of weather on the railway is not so comprehensive. high・-speed trains operate significant・・ ly faster,the time allowing rectifying and avoiding accidents is much shoder,with alternatives limited,and the cOnseauence is generally much 人手.对叫1 高速铁路安全防灾体系特征进 行J 慨折分析.提 r进一步JJI】强我Iq高速铁 路安全防灾体系缱设的建议,为高速铁路安全 管理干『l运霄挺供参弩 关键词 高速铁路:安全防灾;特征分析 severe.On June 3,1998,high— speed train fr0m Munich to Hamburg derailed and crashed to a road bridge.causing 1 O1 fatalities and 1 05 COnsequentIV, accidents and mal- functions of high—speed trains caused by weather are increasing.with deteri- orating Ioss[ 】.It is obvious that safe— severe injuries.As for Japan and France which the earliest introduced high—speed railway always maintain zero death record[4】'which suggests that a scientific and effective high— speed train safety and disaster pre- vention system is of great signifi— cance for reducing related accidents. Since 201 2,high—speed railway tv of high-speed railway has become a major concern urgent to be re— solved. Beijing—shanghai Railway was put into commercial use in July 201 1. and system malfunction occurred three times within four days caused by lighting stroke and rainstorm.0n July 23,201 1,Hangzhou-shenzhen High— speed Railway rear..end accident oc-. develops the fastest jn China and the operation safety of high-speed railway has drawn much more attention. Japan, France and GermanV are worldwide the most advanced and curred,leading to the deaths of 40 safest nations of high—speed traffic, paying more attention to high—speed railway safety guarantee system. Based on analysis and comparisons on high・・speed development and safe-- tY and disaster prevention characters people and over 200 injuries.which caused heightened concerns【 .After the accident,the Chinese government took actions to reduce railway acci・ dents including slowing speed and jn— tensifying safety technology.Because Of China with the three countries.sug— 基金项目 20I3年公益性行业(气象)科研专 项经费项目“铁路(高铁)气象监测预警、预报 服务关键技术研究”(GYttY20l306058) 作者简介 崔新强(1963一),男,陕西扶风人, SuppoSed by Special Fund for Weather—scientific Research in the Public Interest 高级工程师.从事公共气象服务研究.E-mail: zYt(-xq@l26.COIl1 通讯作者 (GYHY201 306058). Corresponding author.E—mail:zytcxq@126.com Received:August 1 2,201 4 Accepted:September 1 4,201 4 收稿日期修回日期2014—08一【2 20l4—09—14 2014 gestions were proposed on strength- significant delays. Compared with Japan and France,high-speed railway in Germany develops much slowly. and it is the cOnvenIence and comfort that ended long-term babies debates speed railway before construction of high—speed railway.Because of eco— ening construction of high--speed rail-- way safety and disaster prevention nomic and technology advantages, safety guarantee of high—speed railway mainly depends on improved and dense reaI time automatic monitoring system and intelligentized infOrmation management system ̄- . system。which is of reference signifi— cance for high..speed railway manage-- ment and operation in China. in Germany.Since 1 985.Germany started construction of high--speed rail-- way,but it was planned the earliest high-speed trains in 1 970.1t is notable that high-speed traffic technology in High--speed Railway Devel・- opment at Home and Safety and disaster prevention sys- tem characteristiCs of high-speed railway in Japan Abroad High-speed railway development in Japan Germany js as sophisticated as Japan and France.In 1 988.a running test driven by electricity reached 406.9 km/ Japan always gives highlights to safety protection.Since construction of Japan is a country the earliest in- troducing high・speed railway.On Oc- tober 1.1 964.Shinkansen started to operate and there is no accident caus— jng fatality Occurs thereafter.creating a kind of miracle In world high-speed rai loperation.According to data in 201 1. totaI distance of Shinkansen routes reached 2 500 km.representing 9%of nationwide raiI mileage.but shared 1/3 tourists.The ma×imum operating speed of Shinkansen achieved 21 0 km,h in early stage.and the speed is controlled within 300 km/h thereafter with consideration of tourists’safety. High-speed railway development in France France is the country in the world set the record for the fastest wheeled train.Paris—Lyons Hi qh speed Ral.一 l -way was put into use the earliest in 1983.On May 18.1990.France creat— ed the fastest test train,reaching 51 5.3 km/h.NeverthelesS.it is never the highest speed upon time.1 n ApriI 2007,for example,a test train again set the record for the fastest train at 574.8 km/h worldwide.Stil1.in order to guarantee operation safety,France controls the speed of high--speed rail.- way in exclusive raiI road in 320-330 km/h,and 220 km/h on other genera J railways.UntiI 201 1.three newly—con— structed high.speed railway and TGV ( 『门d Grande Vitesse。high—speed train)traveled almost 1 900 km,and networks took up to 4%and 18%.re— spectively,with turnover volume of passenger traffic at 50%.Thanks for the strict safety management system, TGV also creates zero death record In operation years. High-speed railway development in Germany With advanced technology.Ger— many witnessed legal battles,causing h.exceeding 400 km/h.but the practi- cal high—speed railway in Germany just operated in early of the 1 990s.In June 1 991,the ICE(1nter City Express) trains were constructed and deployed. At present,high—speed railways avail- able totaI 5.with distance at 1 300 km and speed at 320 km/h, High-speed railway development in China China has the longest travelling distance of high-speed railway in the world,and develops the fastest f5—61, as wel1.In China.hiqh-speed railway was constructed in 1 999 and Changchun-Beijing high-speed train, the first high—speed railway,was put into use on October 1 2.2003 and Bei- jing-Tianjin Intercity Railway operated on August 1.2008.which is the earli— est intercity railway.as welI as the first one with proprietary intellectual prop— erty rights.1n the end of 201 2.national high-speed railway traveled 9356 km, becoming the first in the world.and taking up to 45%of globaI traveling distance.Presently. nationaI high- speed railway network has been basi- cally formed.and it is expected that the traveled distance of high.speed railway in China with speed at and over 200 km/h would exceed 1 8000 km in 2020.representing over 50%Of the world Ievel。covering Chinese cities with population over 500 000. Analysis of Safety and Dis- aster Prevention System CharacterIsticS 0f H ig h— speed Railway at Home and Abroad Developed countries,such as Japan,France and Germany always devote to development of safety and disaster prevention system for high- Shinkansen,Japan has created many miracles_11].After years’development. Japan has built a set of safety and dis- aster intelligentized information man- agement system。with characteristics, as follows: The Shinkansen has a natural- environment and warning system, Along Shinkansen routes,warning equipment is set accordingly,including an earthquake detection system,an anemograph,a hyetometrograph,a water level alarm,a snow monitor.a track temperature warning system, and a collapse and rockfaI1 warning system.Furthermore,intelligentized infOrmation managemenl system has been constructed.involving MICOS and UREDAS fUrgent Earthquake Detection and Alarm System).Specif- ically,UREDAS would stop power transmission for Shinkansen once de- tecting the first round of primary waves,and then emergency brake system would start operation,to stop the train as quickly as possible.It en- ables automatic braking of trains in the case of earthquake in northeast re- gions,avoiding fatalities caused by derailment. Actually, Shinkansen would stop operation not only in the case of earthquake.but also abnormaI roadbeds. What’s more,the Shinkansen employs a train automatic manage- ment and controI system.involving ATC(Automatic Train Contro1),ATS, and CTC(Centralized Traffic Contro1). Presently,it employs PTC,a new management system,enabling com- puter-based automated management, in terms of operation key points,signal control,automatic broadcasting in sta- tion.train management.and timetabIe medlcatiOn in transOOrtatiOn Obstacles. 2014 Safety and disaster prevention sys- tem Characte riStiCS of high-speed railway in France consideration.For instance,Germany of high-speed railway. 1807 Railway Laws demands railway com. panies should set an independent, qualified and high--level safety super-- visor who is endowed with speciaI Secondly.globaI advanced con. trol technology is widely applied.In China,automatic control system of France also focuses on high. speed railway safety and disaster prevention.For example.it takes 1 2 years for France fr0m originaI design to operation of high—speed railway. The safety and disaster prevention high speed railway consists of ATO. rights,responsible for safety manage- merit and maintaining safety benefits. ATP,and CTCS2.of which the Iast one is developed by Chinese people, serving as monitoring railway opera tion,and tracing,which can be consid・ ered as a command maincenter of rail- FurfhermOre. Germany gives highlights to development of automatic control system.LZB80,developed by system is characterized. including three aspects. At first.France sets railway stan— dards and demands strict implemen. German.system on Iines c0mmun__ cates with the train using two conduc— way. Finally,emergency brake de— pends on people operation jn China. tor cables running between the tracks. tation.BNF is a standard and exclu. sive department for railway adminis- tered by France government,formulat— ing,implementing and maintaining rail— ways.It is famous that France always playing a leading role in railway stan- dard system in terms of systematic- ness,Iogicality,practicability,and pre— ciseness,laying foundation for France railway safety. Secondly,highlights are given to test running and staff training.Since construction of France railway,the test running generally operates frOm 9 months to one year.During the test running,the high—speed train just op- erates without accepting passengers and simulates operation with Icads. Meanwhile,drivers and technicists are trained in order to guarantee the divers master railway operation.railway Iines and equipment obstacles. Thirdly.the attention is paid to In- telligent management and control sys— tem development.TVM enables infor- mation exchange between railways and ground,taking place of the role played by high—speed train drivers. When emergency occurs,the train would be safe without participation of drivers.In addition.automatic detec- tion system serves as detecting volt- age of overhead Iine system,hot box, precipitation,snowfall,rainstorm and gale,reinforcing train safety. Safety and disaster prevention sys- tem characteristics of high-speed railway in Germany Germany also attaches impor— tance to safety and disaster preven— tion system of high・speed railway, and devoted to the security guarantee system before construction of high— speed railway. At the very beginning,Germany takes railway safety seriously into sending data.such as precise Iocation. operation speed and work infOrmatjOn. to ground controI center.The system makes a comprehensive control on train operation speed directly on basis of real time information.On the other hand,Germnay has formulated strict and effective protection measures.For instance,in constructing tunnel,train security should be welI considered.in— cluding spraying shotcrete・・bolt sup-・ port,paving monolithic roadbed,and setting fire—fighting equipment. Additionally,disaster automatic warning is employed.1n new high・ speed rai1way lines,new—type disaster warning system (MAS90)is used, which is able to recognize and report environment effects on railway opera— tion and damages on mobile devices, besides monitoring line equipment op eration.The corresponding warning devices include a tunnel airstream alarm,a wind gauge,a fire-disaster alarm,and a collapse warning signaI device at tunneI entrance. Safety and disaster prevention sys- tem characte ristics of high-speed railway in China High-speed railway in China de- velops frOm 2008 to present and does has a gap with advanced countries, such Japan。France and Germany. As for monitoring system,high— speed railway monitoring includes a video monitoring system,a CCTV monitoring system,a machine room monitoring system,and a disaster prevention monitoring system,making al1.-round and multi--perspective moni-・ toring on key parts,station,square, machine rooms。and foreign bodies possible.Based on video analysis technology.the collected jnformation can be for further analysis,which pro- vides references for safety operation The sophisticated emergency brake technologies applied in Japan,France, and Germany have not been exten- sively used in our country.and human intervening is mandatory for the emer- gency cases,which is possibly a gap of high.speed railway between China and the developed countries.as wel las a trend requiring our efforts in re— ducing high-speed railway accidents. Suggesti0ns on Further Reinforcing High-speed Railway Safety and Disas. ter Prevention System Con— structiOn[.2_1 Accelerating construction of high- speed railway environment moni- toring system Safety of high-speed railway oper・- ation is related to real time meteorolog- icaI factors.geologicaI information。 and earthquake monitoring,besides equipments supports,and regulation scheme can be rectified timely accord- ing to the information.Newly estab- lished high-speed railways usually have a meteOr0lOaicaI disaster moni- toring system.but the old ones do not have.On the one hand,metrological monitoring equipment should be set on old railways,and the monitoring densi- ty should be increased for the new ones.On the other hand.meteorolog- ical monitoring devices for{ightning and haze should be laid.Thirdly。infor- mation share should be accomplished among meteorology, geology and earthquake departments,integrating reaf time infOrmation frOm the depart- ments with high-speed‘railway com— mand and controI system.jn order to reduce effects of naturaI disaster on railway operation. 18O8 2014 To establish and improve high- speed railway naturaI disaster urgent to formulate laws to explicitly define duties and rights of govern— proving high-speed railway safety and disaster prevention capacity,including warning system With infOrmation fr0m meteorolo— ments,railway enterprises,and the public.and to integrate independent laws and rules of diferent depart- ments,improving Railway Laws and and organize railway principles and action rules. increasing density of meteorology,ge- ology and earthquake monitoring sta— tions,accelerating high—speed railway safety and disaster prevention warning gY,geology and earthquake depart_ ments,cooperation should proceed a- information on naturaI disaster in ad- vance by formulating warning indices suitable for high--speed railway opera.- tion,providing scientific references for mong the departments to give warning releasing exclusive Iaws to CO0rdinate system[15].as well as improving intel- ligent control system. To improve high-speed railway safe operation standard system References [1】LIU XY(刘秀英),LI F(李芬),FAN YL(范 永玲),et a1.Effects of heavy rainfalls on railway safety(强降水对铁路安全的影 The construction of Beijing——Tian—. fects of natural disasters on high— jin,Wuhan—Guangzhou and Zheng- railway operation and minimizing ef— speed railway operation.It is notable that InfOrmation collection and pro- cessing should be professional,and a comprehensive infOrmation platform of naturaI disaster warning should be es— tablished to avoid infOrmation ex- change confusion. To improve intelligent control sys- tem of high-speed railway High.speed railway development in foreign countries has demonstrated that intelligent management and con. troJ system js jndjs0ensabIe for safe operation of high-speed trains.and it is necessa ̄to make real time monitor— jng on equipment.tracks。as welJ  as natural environment,such as meteo— rology,geology,earthquake,and un— expected foreign bodies and rectify operation speed on basis of the moni— tored data,to reduce speed or stop the train as soon as possible.Although the manufactu rina technology of hardware equipment of high-speed railway de・— velops much faster.there js a gap jn terms of intelligent controI system compared with Japan,France and Germany.Jn future.jt js necessary to intensify intelligent controI system de- velopment of high—speed railway,es- pecially for automatic warning,danger recognition and automatic braking at emergency under the principle of self- motion first in order to promote high— speed railway in production。operation and management. To improve high—speed railway safety laws and rules To intensity safe operation Iaws of high—speed railway is key for Chinese railway risk management system to be on the basis of administration by Iaw.It is well known that Iegal means is a common choice in advanced countries in handling high-speed railway acci- dents and emergencies.1n China.it is zhou—Xi’an high—speed railway gives a sign that China has built and forms high--speed power--supply technology system and standard system with pro- prietary intellectual property rights. NevertheIess。standards are unavail— able on utilization of naturaI environ- ment monitoring and warning infOrma— tion.and it is demanding that meteo— rology,geology,and earthquake de- partments strengthening cooperation to intensify scientific research and for. mulate related standards by tackling hard,nut problems in science and technology,which gives suppo ̄s for high—speed railway safety operation. To reinforce safety management and sta仟training Safe operation of high-speed train is closely related to high-education and high-level professionals. Currently, talents engaging in risk management are not many,and a priority should be given to safety management and staff training in order to intensify safety management frOm source and mini- mize accidents caused by human er. rors to provide safe,rapid and conve. nient sewices. Conclusions With cOnsidera On of high-speed railway in advanced countries.Iike Japan,France and Germany,what they have in common is to establish high。dense warning system,covenng meteorology,geology,earthquake and foreign bodies.and to apply the infor— mation into intelligent managemenl systern.Once the system receives warning instructions,the train is able to reduce speed or stop operation at the first time,which avoids threats posed by natural environments and guaran- tees train safety.Therefore.it is neces- sary to reinforce three aspects for im- 响).Sci-Tech Information Development &Economy(科技情报开发与经济), 2007.1 7(1 71:271—272. [2】MA SH(马淑红),MA YJ(马韫娟),etaL Strong hurricane risk assessment an zoning method of high.speed rail(我国 高铁强风灾害风险评估与区划方法研 究).Rail Transit(轨道交通),2013,(8): 94-96. [3】WAN ML(万孟琳).Development and stability of China high-speed railway fr0m Yongwen Railway accident(从甬 温先动车事故谈中国高铁的发展与稳 定).TheoreticaI Exploration(理论探索). 2013 511(1):212—213. 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SOW housef哺乳母猪舍环境监控系统的 TENG CG(滕崇光).Problems and ao. [24】LIANG W(梁巍),ZHANG Y(张晔). 研究)fJ1.JournaI of AgdculturaI Mech— 1utions in building sow house(母猪舍建 Practical methods for maintaining heat anization Research(农机化研究), 筑中存在的问题与对策)[J].?Livestock in farmers’sow house in winter(农家 2011,33(11):195-198.202. and Poultry Industry(畜禽业),201 1,9: 母猪舍的冬季保暖实用方法)[J].Jour— [30】LI LF(李立峰),wu P(武佩),MA ss(麻 17. nal of RuraI Animal—production Tech— 硕士1.ef aL Environmental monitoring [20】HUANG YL(黄应乐),LI RW(李日伟), nology(农村养殖技术),2005,2:1 1. system in pre—childbitrh SOW house XIE WQ(谢伟强).Operating instruction 『251 LIANG W(梁巍).Heat maintaining in based on configuration software and for breeding and management of non— farmers’sow house in winter f农家母 fuzzy controI(基于组态软件和模糊控 pregnant and pregnant sow house in 猪舍的冬季保暖)[J].Henan AnimaI 制的分娩母猪舍环境监控系统)[J】. factory pig farm(T厂化猪场空怀及怀 Husbandry and Veterinary(河南畜牧兽 Transactions of the CSAE(农业工程学 孕母猪舍饲养管理操作规程)[J].Ani. 医).2001,22(12):45. 报),201 1,27(6):231—236. mals Breeding and Feed(养殖与饲料). 【26】CHEN L(陈琳),ZHUANG zx(庄壮欣). 2009.4:12—13. Specification and design of pregnant 3} H(王树 sow house(妊娠母猪舍的规格和设计1 Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU (Continued from page 1 808) railway construction in China(发达国家 countermeasures of high--speed rail・- BIAN K(边凯),et aL 0peration and 高速铁路安全对策与我国建设高速铁 way in China f巾国高铁存在的问题及 organization management of high— 路之探讨).Journal of Mudanjiang Uni- 对策).Logistics Technology(物流科 speed railway in Japan(日本高速铁路 versity(牡丹江大学学报),2007,16(6): 技),2012,(5):75-78. 运营组织管理的借鉴与思考).Journal 95-97. 【15】WANG LH(王丽卉),YI L(易亮),etaL 0f TransOOrtatiOn Systems Engineer. [13】LIU B(刘斌),SUN Y(孙钰),eta1.Dis・ Construction and improvements of ing and Information Technology(交通 cussions on safety issue and counter- weather diaster monitoring and warn— 运输系统工程与信息),2011,11(5): measures of high-speed railway in ing services system for railway(铁路 11-14. China(试论我国高速铁路的安全问题 气象灾害监测预警业务服务系统的建 [12】LIU YP(刘远鹏).Exploration on high— 及解决对策).Knowledge Economy(知 立与完善).China Emergency Rescue speed railway safety countermeasures 识经济),2013,(1 1):72—73. (中国应急救援),201O,(4):29—30. in developed countries and high—speed 【14】ZHU Y(朱艳).Existing problems and Responsible editor:Xiaoxue WANG Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU 1nstrucions for Authors In 2009.Agrieulturtal Science&Technology’s fuU—texts have been included by international authority of the search tools A— GRIS.AGRIS is the international information system for the agricultural sciences and technology.It was created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)in 1 974,to facilitate information exchange and to bring together world lit— erature dealing with all aspects of agricuhure.AGRIS is a cooperative system in which participating countries input references to the literature produced within their boundaries and.in return.draw on the information provided by the other participants.To date。240 nationa1.international and intergovernmental centres participate. 

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