知识小结：人教_高一英语必修三_Unit3_课文难句精讲

1．Mark Twain was born in Florida on November 30th, 1835. He was brought up in Hannibal, Missouri, along the Mississippi River. 马克·吐温于1835年11月30日出生在佛罗里达镇，并在密西西比河边密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。

Missouri密苏里州，位于美国中西部，首府杰佛逊城。主要城市有圣路易斯、堪萨斯城等。

the Mississippi River密西西比河，北美洲最长的河流。从明尼苏达州西北的源头到墨西哥湾，全长3,766千米，世界第四长河。

2．He is best known for his novels set in his boyhood world on the river, such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 最使他出名的小说都是以他在密西西比河畔的童年世界作为背景的，例如《汤姆·索亚历险记》和《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。

《汤姆·索亚历险记》中的主人公汤姆·索亚是一个淘气、机灵、爱冒险的顽童，他与朋友目睹了一件谋杀案的。

《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中的主人公哈克贝利·费恩是一个追求冒险生活的男孩，向往自由，并受战胜奴隶制社会畸形意识的影响，帮助与他一起在密西西比河上漂流的逃亡黑奴吉姆获得自由。本书给美国文学以深刻的影响，海明威曾称“整个当代美国文学都起源于这本书”。

马克·吐温1857年开始在密西西比河上当水手和领航员，直至南北战争爆发该河停止通航。后来他将这一时期的生活体验写入了《密西西比河上的生涯》。 3．The phrase “mark twain” means that the water is two fathoms deep. “mark twain” 这一短语的意思是水深两寻。

fathom英寻。计量单位，合六英尺或1.8米，用于测水深。

4．Imagine that somebody gives you a large sum of money to spend as you like. What would you do with it? 假设有人给了你一大笔钱让你随意花，你会拿它做些什么?

do with对待；处理；处置。如：

“What have you done with my new shirt?” “I put it away.” “你把我的新衬衣放哪儿了?” “我把它收起来了。”

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What shall we do with the waste paper? 咱们怎样处理这些废纸?

5．Have you read the story of “The Million Pound Bank Note” ? 你读过“百万英镑”这个故事吗?

“The Million Pound Bank Note”《百万英镑》，是美国作家马克·吐温的短篇小说。大意是一个流落伦敦街头的穷光蛋忽然得到了一张百万英镑的钞票，他的生活由此而改变，人们的态度也随着钞票的得而复失、失而复得而做180度的大转弯，讽刺了赤裸裸的拜金主义。

6．Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet.一对年老而又富有的兄弟，罗德里克和奥利弗，打了一个赌。

make a bet打赌。如：

We made a bet on the outcome of the next horse race.我们就下次赛马的结果打了个赌。

I made a bet that we would win the football match. 我打赌我们会赢那场足球赛。

7．It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London … 他叫亨利·亚当斯，一个美国商人，在伦敦迷了路…… be lost迷路；倾心于某事。如：

He was lost in the forest for three days and nights and was finally rescued by his friends. 他迷失在树林里三天三夜，最后被朋友们救了出来。

He was so lost in reading his book that he missed his train. 他看书入了神，误了火车。

8．Permit me to lead the way, sir. 先生，请让我来带路吧。

permit… to do 准许……做某事。如：

Will you permit us to use this room for a meeting this afternoon? 你能准许我们今天下午在这个房间开个会吗?

She won’t permit her dogs to enter this yard. 她不允许她的狗进这个院子。 但要注意“准许做某事”应当是permit doing, 不是permit to do.如： The rules of the club don’t permit smoking. 俱乐部的规定是不允许吸烟。 问题：你知道与permit同义的另外两个词吗？你可以从英语辞典中找到答

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案。

9．That’s right，from San Francisco．是的，从旧金山来。

San Francisco旧金山，又译为“圣弗朗西斯科”，美国西海岸加利福尼亚州港口城市。现为美国西部重要工业、金融、文化中心和贸易港口。著名旅游景点有金门大桥、缆车、中国城、渔民码头、花街和金门公园。

10．As a matter of fact，I landed in Britain by accident．事实上，我在英国上岸是偶然的。

by accident偶然地。如：

By accident，he found the place where his brother had hidden the treasure．他偶然发现了他弟弟藏宝的地方。

11．About a month ago，I was sailing out of the bay… (his eyes stare at what is left of the brothers’ dinner on table) 大约一个月前，我开船驶出了海湾……(他的眼睛盯着桌子上兄弟俩剩下的残羹剩饭。)

stare at盯着瞧；凝视。如：

It is not polite to stare at other people．盯着看别人是不礼貌的。 Don’t stare at me! I am not to blame!别盯着我!不该怪我!

12．The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when 1 was spotted by a ship．第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。

spot作动词时有“认出”的意思。如：

He is very tall and can be easily spotted in the crowd．他很高，在人群中一眼就能看见。

The thief was spotted by the police as he was leaving the bank．那小偷离开银行时被发现了。

l3．The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance．事实上我靠做义工来顶替船费，这就是我为什么衣冠不整的原因了。

earn one’s passage挣取旅费。如：

He couldn't afford the fare，and so he had to earn his passage by doing jobs on the ship．他买不起船票，只得靠在船上做些零活来挣取路费。

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account for对……做出解释；说明原因。如：

This might account for his laziness．这或许能解释他的懒惰。

Nobody could account for his absence from school．没人能对他旷课做出解释。 14．On the contrary，in fact．事实上，正好相反。

on the contrary与此相反；正相反。如：

The topic doesn't seem boring to me；on the contrary, I think it’s very interesting．这个话题我不觉得乏味，正相反，我觉得它很有趣。

15．I’m afraid it’ll cost a large amount of money．恐怕这得花费一大笔钱。

a large amount of常用于修饰不可数名词 如：

Now he has a large amount of money．He can do anything he wants with. 现在他有了一大笔钱，他就可以做他想做的事了。

16．Well, we’ll have to take a chance．哦，我们得冒点儿风险。

take a chance／take the chance／take chances碰运气；冒风险。如： We mustn’t take chances. We’d better play safe．我们不要冒险，我们最好求稳。 We decided to take a chance on the weather and have the party outdoors．我们怀着天气可能会好的侥幸心情决定在户外聚会。

17．(in a rude manner) What’s there to wait for? (很不耐烦地) 还等什么?

in a…manner以……的举止(态度)。如

She talked to us in a very polite manner．她很有礼貌地与我们谈话。 The dinner was prepared in the Japanese manner．晚宴是日本式的。

18．Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this amount… Anyway, I don’t think it can be a fake. 哦，我确实听说英格兰银行发行了两张这样面值的钞票……不管怎样，我觉得这不可能是假钞。

the Bank of England英格兰银行，是英国的银行。它代表发行纸币，参与金融市场活动，并对金融市场进行干预和调节。

can表示推测，与主句中的not结合在一起，表示“不可能是”。如： He can’t be joking. He must mean it.他不可能是开玩笑，他是认真的。

It can’t be Jim. I know him too well. 不可能是吉姆，我太了解他了。 19．But he’s in rags! 是他穿得破破烂烂的!

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介词in后面接颜色或衣物等名词时，意思是“穿着；戴着”。如：

The girl in green is a good friend of mine．Would you like to meet her?穿绿衣服的女孩是我的一个好朋友，你想认识一下吗?

The man in uniform is my father．那个穿制服的男人是我父亲。

20．As for the bill, sir, please forget it．至于帐单嘛，先生，请把它忘了吧。

as for至于。如：

As for me, I shall never come to this restaurant any more．至于我，我再也不来这个餐馆了。

As for your book, I promise, I’ll give it back to you next week．至于你的书，我保证，下周一定会还给你。

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