考点13 非谓语复习 课前热身练 用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．I am looking forward to (receive) your letter. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2． (answer). (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．He passed me and then turned back, (look) at me with a smile. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．On their return, the father asked his son (explain) what he had learnt. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．At the 2016 Oscar ceremony, DiCaprio’s (win) the award for Best Actor impressed all the audience present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．King Edgar was the first monarch (bury) there in 1065. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．I joined in a marathon (host) by the city sports club. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．It is the most urgent threat (face) our entire species, and we need to work collectively together and stop procrastinating（拖延）. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11． (not do) anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Picking a great gift requires (know) the person you’re giving it to. (所给词的适当形式填空) 核心考点梳理 （一）非谓语动词的作用 句子成分 非谓语 不定式 动名词 分 词 主语 ✓ ✓ 宾语 ✓ ✓ 表语 ✓ ✓ ✓ 补语 ✓ ✓ 定语 ✓ ✓ ✓ 状语 ✓ ✓ （二）非谓语动词的时态和语态 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 动名词 一般式 完成式 现在分词 一般式 完成式 主动语态 Doing Having done 被动语态 Being done Having been done 与谓语动词的关系 与谓语动作同时发生 动作发生在谓语动作之前 主动语态 Doing Having done 被动语态 Being done Having been done 与谓语动词的关系 与谓语动作同时发生 动作发生在谓语动作之前 主动语态 To do To be doing To have done To have been done 被动语态 To be done 与谓语动词的关系 动作发生在谓语动作之后 与谓语动作同时发生 动作发生在谓语动作之前 （三）非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。 （四）非谓语动词的比较 一）不定式和动名词作主语的比较 1、不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动名词常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。 Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2、不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型： It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.而动名词常用于It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish, worthwhile +doing句型。 二）不定式、动名词作宾语的比较 1、只能接不定式的动词： 口诀： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide(determine), learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help. 2、只能接动名词的动词： 口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay, put off, fancy; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape 3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词： remember to do记得去做 remember doing记得做过; forget to do忘记去做 forget doing忘记做过 regret to do遗憾去做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do设法去做 try doing试着做, go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事 mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着做 stop to do停下来去做 stop doing停止做 can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做 can’t help doing 忍不住做 4、要接动名词的几个句型： prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing …(阻止…做) how about / what about doing spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在…花费或浪费时间或钱 have some difficulty / trouble / problems( in )doing在做…有困难 have a hard / good time/fun in doing 做… 很艰难或做…很愉快 5、动词不定式在but, except后面时，前有do后无to have no choice but to do sth. 没有别的选择，只好做… can’t choose/help but(只好) can’t but(只好) 6、allow/advise/encourage/forbid/permit/recommend+doing/sb to do 7、sth need/want/require+doing/to be done be worth doing = be worthy+to be done/of being done 三）不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较 1、不定式、动名词作表语，表示主语的内容。 My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容) 2、一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)， surprising (令人吃惊)，surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)，disappoint (失望)，move（感动） 3、在be，seem / appear， prove/ turn out， remain等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。 四）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较 1、不定式作宾补有3种情况： a．可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有: advise, allow, ask, assign, cause, call on, command, direct, drive, employ, enable, encourage, expect, force, forbid, get, inform, invite, inspire, instruct, lead, order, oblige, permit, persuade, prepare, remind, require, request, recommend, send, teach, tell, tempt, urge, want, warn, wish. b. 动词不定式在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at, witness（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。 c. 在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。 2、感官动词＋sb + do / doing / done/being done (分别表示全过程/正在发生/被动完成/正在发生且表示被动) 感官动词：see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe/ witness/ hear/ listen to/ smell/ feel 3、表使役或致使的动词后接分词作宾补的具体情况： 动词 现在分词 过去分词 4、With的复合结构：With+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语/to do/doing/done。to do 表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，done表示被动和完成。 5、It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that… 可转化为： sb/sth be said / reported/known/believed to do/to be doing/to have done sth. 五）不定式、动名词、分词作定语的比较 1、在the only、no、all、any、序数词（the first/second）、顺序词（the last, the next）或形容词最高级修饰的名词后接不定式作定语。动词和形容词后接不定式，其相应的名词后也用不定式作定语。 2、不定式作定语时，句子主语就是不定式的逻辑主语时，用主动表被动。 3、动名词作定语表用途，分词作定语课转化为定语从句。 4、不定式和分词作定语的区别： 动作表将来， 主动时用to do 动作表将来， 被动时用to be done 动作正在进行，主动或不及物动词时用 doing 动作正在进行，被动时用 being done 动作已完成，表被动时用 done；不及物动词只表动作完成。 六）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较 1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语 1）目的：eg. She had to shout to make herself heard. 常见于：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首) 2）原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed. 如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill. 3）结果：常用 only to do…来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。 另外，固定结构：too… to do, enough to do, so / such… as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语。 4）在形容词后作状语，只用不定式 如： The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.) 2、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果、伴随状语。分词作状语时，相当于have √ √ keep √ √ get √ √ leave √ √ make × √ catch √ × send √ × set √ × start √ × 一个状语从句。分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式： * doing：用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。 * having done：表示主动，且动作发生在主句之前 * being done：表示被动，且前后动作同时进行 * done：表示被动且完成 * having been done：用来表示被动，且动作发生在主句之前 3、独立主格结构 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 ①. 名词(代词)+现在分词： 例如： Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. ②. 名词(代词)+过去分词： 例如： The test finished（= When the test was finished ），we began our holiday. ③. 名词(代词)+不定式： 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。 Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. ④. 名词(代词)+形容词：例如： Computers very small, we can use them wide ⑤. 名词(代词)+副词： The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. ⑥. 名词(代词)+名词：例如： His first shot failure，he fired again． ⑦. 名词(代词) +介词短语：例如： He came into the room, his ears red with cold. ⑧. There being +名词（代词）如： There being nothing else to do, we went home. ⑨. It being +名词（代词）如： It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 当堂知识检测 1．The houses ______ for the refugees in the earthquake have already been completed. A．designed B．designing C．to design D．having designed 2．He had to speak in a loud voice in order to make himself________. A．hear C．heard 3．—You look so worried.What’s the matter? B．hearing D．to be heard —I don’t know ________ these boring problems. A．what to deal with C．what can I do with 4．—Watch out! Boy, don’t jump the red light! —What did you say, sir? —I told you ________ out and ________ the red light. A．watched, didn’t jump C．to watch, not jump B．watch, not jump D．to watch, not to jump B．how to do with D．how to deal with 5．He is reported ________ the novel about China at present. A．writing B．to have written C．to be writing D．having written 6．The four countries use the same flag, as the Union Jack, and share the same currency. A．knowing B．to know C．known D．was known 7．The girl ________in red is my second daughter. A．dressing B．dressed herself C．dressed D．is dressed 8．Nearly all the people ________ believe confidence is the key to success. A．interviewing B．interviewed C．having interviewed D．to interview 9．A magical form of self-expression for young children is designed to ____ their love of music and performing. A．respect B．permit C．observe D．inspire 10．I had my eyes ______. A．examining B．to examine C．examined D．having examined 11．________ to computer games, the boy has lost all interest in his lessons. A．Addicted C．Addicting B．Having addicted D．Addict 12．We have no alternative but ________ hard now. A．work B．to work C．worked D．working 13．________ with a long stick, I managed to defend myself against the big dog. A．Armed B．Arming C．Arm D．Arms 14．An announcement, _____by the Ministry seemed to contradict this. A．makes B．making C．made D．having made 15．The play was directed by Mike Johnson, _____by Sharon Gale. A．assisting B．assisted C．assists D．to assist 16．Martin Luther King, the great Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination, was_____the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding contribution to world peace. A．rewarded B．awarded C．accepted D．granted 17．The project, _____ by the end of 2010, will expand the city’s telephone network to cover 1,000, 000 users. A．accomplished B．being accomplished C．to be accomplished D．having been accomplished 18．After three months of hard work, my son managed to_____his classmates in math. A．be ahead of C．over B．ahead of D．the head of 19．It’s raining outside. Please wipe your shoes on the carpet ________ in the hall before coming in. A．lay B．laid C．lied D．lain 20．I work hard and I think I deserve ______. A．to be well paid B．to pay well C．being well paid D．well paying 21．The newly-published book, mainly ______ use in college, is a best-seller this year. A．designed for B．designed to C．designing for D．designing to 22．The centre was bought with money _______ by former Beatle, George Harrison. A．donating B．donated C．to donate D．having donated 23．—Can you bring forward a better solution? —This is the best approach I can imagine ________ the project ahead of schedule. A．completing B．to completing C．to complete D．completed 24．We walked a long way to the library, only ________ that it was closed because of the Covid-19. A．finding B．found C．to find D．having found 25．Michelle Wu is the first woman and the first person of color________mayor in Boston. A．to elect B．electing C．to be elected D．having been elected 26．Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to ________ before the party. A．get changed B．get change C．get changing D．get to change 27．When Mark Twain was young he did ________ he could ________. A．all; earn his leaving C．all; to earn his living B．what; earn his living D．what; earning his living 28．In our company, we are not allowed________ while we are working. A．talking B．talked C．to talk D．being talked 29．With the problems ________, the newly elected president is having a hard time now. A．solve B．solved C．solving D．to solve 30．Jack explained again and again but couldn’t make himself ________. A．understand C．understood 31．—I failed again. —Why not explain ______ you have done your best? A．him B．him that C．that D．to him B．understanding D．have understood 32．The dog, ________, will make a good watch dog. A．to train properly B．training properly C．properly to train D．trained properly 33．________ deep down in the earth, the dead forests rotted away and became coal. A．Buried B．Burying C．To bury D．Being buried 34．________from a spaceship, the earth is a blue, green and white ball. A．Seeing B．Seen C．To see D．Saw 35．Deep into the night, the thief successfully ________ out of the gallery ________. A．slipped; unnoticed C．slipped; unnoticedly B．slid; unnoticedly D．slid; unnoticed 36．I couldn’t understand the language________ in that country. A．to cover B．speaking C．to be spoken D．spoken 37．________25 years ago next month, the club is holding a party for past and present members. A．To be formed B．Having formed C．Formed D．Forming 38．When Tom heard that theft had happened in his community, he hurried home, only to find his house ________. A．had broken into C．broken into B．has been broken into D．being broken into 39．The movie ________ J. K. Rowling’s Hotter and the Goblet of Fire was put on on November 18 this year. A．basing on B．based on C．being based on D．to be based on 40．________ in the newspaper, I didn’t notice what was happening. A．Having buried B．Burying C．Buried D．To be buried 41．His driver, ________ for the accident, had not been driving carefully. A．blamed B．being blamed C．to be blamed D．blaming 42．She got off the bus, ________ with two heavy suitcases. A．burdening B．burdened C．burden D．to burden 43．The police have collected some information ________ the murder. A．connected by C．connecting with B．connected with D．was connected with 44．________ training his daughter in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, “________, an English teacher for a ten-year old girl.” A．Bent on; Wanted C．Bend on; Wanted B．Bent on; Wanting D．Bend on; Wanting 45．The graduates_____into the company usually receive strict training before they start to work. A．accepted B．accepting C．admitted D．admitting 46．To help your children do well in school，it is important for you to get in their education and their lives. A．involving C．to be involved B．involved D．to involve 47．Much _____by the story of Cong Fei, I am also determined to be a volunteer worker. A．affected B．affecting C．admired D．effected 48．The teacher got very _____when the boy student refused to answer his question. A．annoying B．annoyed C．to be annoyed D．being annoyed 49．This is a well_____hotel. A．accommodating B．accommodated C．accommodation D．accommodate 50．—Thank you for keeping me _____ of everything that’s happening. —Don’t mention it. A．inform B．informed C．informing D．information 课后巩固提高 用单词的适当形式完成短文 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Big Sister’s Wedding Three days before the wedding, Grand Aunt personally entrusted a special small package for Aunt Baba to hand to Big Sister. On 1 (open) the elegant leather case in Aunt Baba’s room, Big Sister found a lovely pendant (吊坠) made of ancient green jade hanging on a heavy gold chain. She immediately put it on and breathed with pleasure while she admired 2 in the mirror. Then she begged Aunt Baba and me not to mention Grand Aunt’s gift to a soul, obviously intending to keep the pendant 3 telling Niang. The wedding was a formal and brilliant affair with a ceremonial dinner party for five hundred in the grand ballroom on the ninth floor of the Cathay Hotel, 4 (situate) at the border of the Bund and fashionable Nanjing Road and overlooking the Huangpu River. The room 5 (fill) with masses of fresh flowers, and the Chinese character for double happiness was outlined in red blooms against the wall. Big Sister was elegantly dressed in a beautiful pink Qipao and silver shoes 6 Samuel wore a tuxedo (燕尾服). Two professional radio comedians acted as masters of ceremonies. I had nothing to wear but an old pink Qipao 7 had been handed down by Big Sister when she grew out of it. 8 I didn’t look particularly nice, at least I didn’t stand out and no one noticed me. My three older brothers, however, were having a horrible time. For this special occasion, Father ordered them 9 (have) fresh hair-cuts. My brothers’ heads were shaved cleanly, so not a trace of hair 10 (remain). They were wearing dark-blue, traditional, long Chinese clothes with high collars and cloth buttons. I thought the brothers would make a lot of unexpected things on the Big Sister’s wedding. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Laziness and Lack of Sleep Can Shorten Your Life, Especially When Combined You already know that smoking is bad for you and that drinking too much alcohol may shorten your life. Now a new study says that spending too much time in a chair and not having enough sleep should join a short list of behaviors 11 (know) to increase your risk of premature death. Sitting for a long time and lack of sleep were damaging in their own way, but when combined with more traditional risk factors, 12 had a multiplier effect that made an early death far more likely. The findings, published in the journal PLOS Medicine, make clear that “some risk behaviors tend to come together and 13 the joint risk could be much higher than the sum of the individual risks”. For instance, smoking was 14 (dangerous) single risk factor among the six studied. The small number of people for 15 smoking was their only bad habit were 90 percent more likely to die during the course of the study than people who were with practical clean living in every aspect. People who reported high alcohol consumption as their only risk factor did not seem 16 (put) their lives in danger. But for those who combined heavy drinking with smoking, the risk of premature death was doubled. And when lack of sleep 17 (add) to the mix, the likelihood of an early death was nearly five times greater 18 lack of sleep by itself had only a light effect on death. These numbers are based on the lives of 231,048 Australians. 19 (consider) factors such as age, gender, education and other factors, the researchers saw a clear pattern. It was a person’s bad lifestyle 20 contributed to his or her risk of premature death.
