unit1 friendship

Unit 1 friendship

备课人:李琳 审核：高一英语组

单词和词汇要点详解

1. add up 把„„加起来，合计，合乎情理（多用于否定句） Add up all the money. 把所有的钱加起来。

His story just doesn’t add up. 他说的情况根本不合情理。 和add 有关的短语

add A to B ：把A 加到B上

Add 3 to 4 and you get 7. _______________________________ add to: 增加，扩大

The bad weather added to our difficulties.

___________________________________________________ add sth in: 把„„加进去，包括

Remember to add in salt. _______________________________ Add up to: 总共是，总计是

The numbers add up to 100. ______________________________ The cost of their trip to Singapore _______ 5000 dollars.

A. added up to B. added up C. added to D. was added up to 2. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的，不适的 （后常跟介词about/ at/ over）

be upset about sth 对某事感到心烦意乱

I am upset about the exam. _____________________ Vt. (upset, upset, upsetting ) 使不安，使心烦,打翻 The news upset me. _____________________

I am upset about the news. __________________________ He upset the soup.___________________________ Don’t be _____. I’m sure she didn’t mean to be unkind. A. interested B. anxious C. upset D. curious 3. calm vt./vi. (使)平静，（使）镇定

A warm tea will calm you. ________________

After the storm, the wind calmed. _______________________ calm (…) down (使)平静下来，（使）镇定下来 Calm down, please!

Adj. 平静的，镇静的，沉着的

The sea is calm. __________________________ She tried to ____ the frightened boy, but failed.\\

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A. look down B. clam down C. get down D. go down. 4. have got to / have to 不得不，必须 have to和must 区别:

1) 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）

2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。 He had to look after his sister yesterday.

have to 的否定形式：加don't，如I don't have to do it now. have got to 的否定形式为 haven’t got to , 如 I haven’t got to do it now.

It’s Sunday today. I’m glad that I _____ go to school.

A. haven’t to B. didn’t have got to C. haven’t got to D. won’t have got to

5. concern vt. (使)担忧，涉及，关系到 与concern 有关的短语

Be concerned about/for 关心，挂念,担忧

He is very concerned about his parents.______________ Be concerned with/in 从事，参与，干涉

He is concerned in this thing._______________________________ n. 担心，关注，（利害）关系 常跟介词about /for

She had no concern about you.___________________________ As far as sb be concerned 就„„而言

As far as I am concerned, I don’t like him.就我而言，我不喜欢他。 She ______ her mother’s illness.

A. concerns herself B. is concerned herself about C. concerns herself about D. is concerned herself in 6. go through 经历，经受，通过，检查

This country has gone through too many wars._________________ The plan didn’t go through at the meeting.______________________ I went through your homework last night.______________________ 和go 有关的短语

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Go by 流逝，过去 go out 熄灭 go over 复习 go off 离开，爆炸 go back 回到，回忆起

说去下列句子中画线部分的意思

1）These countries have gone through too many wars. _____ 2）Let’s go through the arguments again. 3）It took us a whole week to go through one of the great forests in the Northeast.

7. set down 记下，放下，登记 I will set down the story. 与set 有关的短语

Set about doing sth 开始，着手 set aside 留下，把„„置于一边 set up 建立

Set out to do sth动身，出发，开始，set to sth 着手，开始 set off 出发，动身，引爆，

for all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll _____ my own business someday.

A. turn up B. fix up C. set up D. make up 8. purpose n. 目的，计划，意图 with the purpose of … 带着„„目的

he went to the library with the purpose of finding a book. On purpose 有意，故意

He broke this camera on purpose.

Forgive him, please. I don’t think he broke your ruler ______. A. with care B. on purpose C. for fun D. with aim 9. in order to 为了

In order to catch the first bus, we set out early. In order to 与so as to

前者可放于主句前，也可置于主句后。而后者只能放在主句后。 She got up early so as to catch the train. 否定时要在符号 to 前加 not

I got up early in order not to be late for school.

All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Chrismas.

A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving 10. face to face 面对面地

heart to heart 诚恳地 neck and neck 并驾齐驱

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hand in hand 手挽手 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 arm in arm 臂挽臂

11.settle vi. 安家，定居，停留

settle in 安顿下来，习惯于（新居），适应（新生活） Do you settle in the new school?____________________ Settle on sth 选定，决定

Have you settled on the time?________________________ Settle down 平静下来，安静下来

It is hard to settle down at the start of the lesson.______________ Vt. 使定居，安排，解决

The matter has been settled. 这个事情已经解决了。

12.suffer vt. 遭受 通常后面跟pain, loss, injury, harm, punishment 等名词作名词

He suffered no pain. 他没有感到痛苦。 vi. 通常后跟介词from

suffer from 遭受，患病 He suffers from illness.________________ -- didn’t you have a good time at the party?

-- No, I ____ a lot from the noise made by the band. A. worried B. suffered C. heard D. pained

13. recover vt. 恢复 后常跟health 或反身代词等做宾语 She has recovered her health.__________

She tried to recover herself.______________________ Vi +from “从„„中复原”

He has quite recovered from his illness.____________________ 14. get/ be tired of 对„„厌烦

He is tired of the speech._______________________________ Get/ be tired with 因为„„而疲倦

I was tired with a long walk.__________________________ 15. get along with 与„„相处，进展 + sb 同某人相处

I can get along well with my classmates.______________ +sth 某事进展得如何

How are you getting along with your studies?___________________ Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.

A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through 16. join in 参加，加入

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join加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。Join the army join也可以加人，表示和某人一起参加某活动join sb. in (doing) sth. Will you join us in the discussion? ______________________ 而join in 则是加入一种具体活动， join in the search

join in the group singing (注意，有别于join the singing group 这个是组织 )

attend 则是加入会议，上课，婚礼，葬礼等 如attend the meeting attend the class

take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。如：

We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation. __________________________________________ The Swiss didn't take part in the two World Wars. ___________________________________________

1. as a young man, Zhou Enlai ______ the students’movements and later ____ the Communist Party of China. A. joined, took part in B. took part in, joined C. joined in, took part in D. went in for, joined 2. After he ___ the golf club, he was ___ a number of competitions.

A. took part in, taken part in B. joined in, joined in C. joined, joined D. joined, taken part in 句型分析

Warming up

1. but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.

Not„ until„ 直到„„才„„

He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. 直到他妈妈回来，他才上床睡觉。 句子翻译

直到父亲回来我才看电视。

_________________________________________-

“ you can’t have this football back ______ you clean my room,” the old man said.

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A. because B. since C. when D. until

2. When he/she borrowed it last time, he/she broke it and you had to pay

to get it repaired.

Get “使，促使”，repaired 是过去分词，做宾语it 的补足语，与it是动宾关系

I must get the television fixed._________________ I’ll get the car going._______________________ Get him to see a doctor.________________________ You must get your shirt clean.______________________ Get + done/adj. 的用法小结

1）接过去分词时，可表示自身发生的动作。如；get dressed 穿衣服 get washed 洗脸 get married 结婚

2）接过去分词也可以表示被动。如：get killed 被杀， get caught 被抓

3）接形容词时，get相当于系动词，表示主语的性质，特征，意思为“变得”

Get warm 变得暖和

As we joined the big crowd I got ___ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

I often take a notebook with me when shopping so that I can get _____ remained of what to buy.

A. myself B. me C. I D. mine

3. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.

英语中由when/while/though/as/if/unless 等引导的状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it 或与主句的主语相同，而且从句中谓语部分有系动词be，那么可以省略从句的主语和系动词be

While flying over the river, the pilot saw a ship._________________ When ______ in the room, he took a book. ( come)

4. tell him/her that he/she should have studied, so you don’t let him/her look at your paper.

Should have done；过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做

Shouldn’t have done 过去本不应该做某事而实际上却做了 You should have finished your homework yesterday. _______________

You shouldn’t have told him it._____________________

Mr White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.

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A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving

Reading

1. Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Made her diary her best friend 是一种复合结构，即“make +宾语+宾补”

I’ll make you a cup of tea. _________________

Mary has made Jack a good wife.__________________

He was made to work 12 hours a day.____________________

2. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy„

强调句型： It is/was + 被强调部分+that+其它成分 强调人时，可用who 做连词

It is she who is right.__________________

It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.______________________ 注：强调句型如果把it is/was „ that „ 去掉，剩下的部分仍然可以组成一个完整的句子

It was yesterday ______ I met him.

A. until B. which C. that D. when

3. but as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open the window.

1) too much / much too too much 太多

You drank too much last night.___________________

What you said is too much for the girl._________________________ much too 太，非常 It’s much too hot today.

4. another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk„ 1) happen to do 碰巧，恰巧

I happened to be out when he came.___________________________ 2）happen to sb./sth 事情发生在某人身上/某物上 What has happened to him？ ____________________ 3）it happens that„ 碰巧，恰巧

It happened that I saw him yesterday._________________ 5. it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d „

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It/this / that be the first time (that ) „ 这是„„第一次„„ It is the first time that I have ever enjoyed this kind of food. 这是我第一次品尝这种食品。 注意：that从句中常用完成时态

主句为一般现在时，从句用现在完成时 主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时

It was the third time that I had been informed of the change of the meeting.______________________________

It is the second time that I ___ in Shanghai. What great changes have taken place in Shanghai! It is ten years since I ___ it last time. A. have been, left B. had been, left C. have, had left D. went, had left

一． 什么是直接引语和间接引语

直接引语是直接引用别人的话； 间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话。 我们完全可以把间接引语理解成宾语从句（多数情况下）。 直接引语

Tom said , “I am a student.” 间接引语

Tom said that he was a student. 二．它们的区别

1． 两者的符号不同

直接引语前有逗号“，” 直接引语后有双引号 “” 三．如何把直接引语变成间接引语

1． 直接引语出现的第一人称，无论是主格、宾格，根据意思改变人称。如：

He said: “My mother is a teacher.”--------- He said his mother was a teacher.

2.若主句谓语动词是一般过去时直接引语变成间接引语要调整时态。请看下表： 直接引语 间接引语 现在时 过去时 现在完成时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 将来时 过去将来时

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将来进行时 过去将来进行时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时 过去进行时 过去完成进行时 2． 指示代词、时间状语和动词也要作调整。请看下表：

直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 This that these those 地点状语 here There 动词 come go 时间状语 Now Then Today That day Tonight That night This week That week Yesterday The day before Last week The last week Three days ago Three days before Tomorrow The following/ next day Next week The next week 4. 句型的调整 （1） 若直接引语为一般疑问句（即倒装语序），改为间接引语时要用if/ whether 引导的宾语从句。 She asked me, “Can you swim?”--- She asked me if /whether I could swim. (2)若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要变为相应的疑问词引导的宾语从句。

He asked me ,”When did you go to the city?”---- He asked me when I went to the city.

He asked us, “What are you doing now?” He asked us what we were doing then.

(3) 若直接引语是选择疑问句， 变成间接引语时应用 whether…or

“Do you like rice or noodles?” Marry asked me. Marry asked me whether I liked rice or noodles.

(3) 若直接引语为祈使句，间接引语要改为下面的句型： tell sb (not)to do sth

ask sb (not)to do sth order sb (not) to do sth

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注意：

1． 如果直接引语的谓语动词是一般过去时，而且引用的句子是客观真理， 在变成间接引语的时候， 时态不变。 The old man said to his grandson, “The earth rises in the east.”-------

The old man told his grandson that the earth rises in the east.

2． 在直接引语变成间接引语时，如果引语的内容是含有一般过去时的时间状语，在变成间接引语时， 仍然用一般过去时。

To our great surprise that the actor said to us, “I was born in 1958.”

To our great surprise that the actor told us that he was born in 1958. 3． 时间状语的变化中应该注意： He said, “I criticized him yesterday. ” He said that he criticized him yesterday.

（间接引语的主句和直接引语的主句的动作在同一天发生，仍用yesterday）

He said that he had criticized him the day before.

（间接引语的主句的动作发生在间接引语的主句的动作之后，yesterday该为the day before, 同时该为过去完成时） 练习

I. 将下面的直接引语变成间接引语。 1. She said, “I am tired.”

2. They said, “We are in Grade 4.”

3. My mother said, “I have washed the clothes for you.” 4. The girl said, “My favorite star is Feixiang.”

5. Our teacher said to us, “The moon moves round the earth.” 6. The boy said, “I like football very much.”

7. The student said, “He is feeling a little under the weather.” 8. The doctor said, “The patient needs an X-ray.” 9. Mr. Smith said, “I caught the bus.”

10. The woman said, “I have finished the work.” 11. The little boy said, “I can skate now.”

12. Anna said, “I will be watching TV at seven o’clock tonight.” 13. The teacher said, “The classroom must be cleaned.”

14. She said, “The film had started when I got to the cinema.” 15. He asked me, “Have you seen him before?”

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16. They asked us, “What have you told him?

17. The girl asked us, “What do you usually do in the evening?” 18. The man said to me, “Cook dinner for me.”

19. The teacher said to the student, “Don’t be late for school next time.”

20. The commander ordered, “Stand up!” II. Fill in the blanks with the best answer.

1. He said that he______ English for four years. A. has learned B. had learned C. is learning D. was learning

2. Mr. Smith said he ______ very grateful to us for our kindness.

A. were B. was C. is D. am

3. John said that ______ wife always ______ coffee for breakfast.

A. him…drank B. her…drank C. his…drink D. his…drank

4. The teacher told Tom to finish_____ homework on time. A. his… B. him C. her D. hers

5. The teacher said that he must bring _____ book to the classroom.

A. he B. him C. his D. she 6. He said he ______ this book. A. like B. likes C. liked D. liking

7. He said that he ______ her the day before. A. saw B. seen C. sees D. had seen 8. He said to me he ______tired. A. is B. was C. were D. be

9. She said that he _______ waiting for an hour. A. has been B. have been C. had been D. have been

10. He said the I _____ changed much. A. haven’t B. hasn’t

C. hadn’t D. to be haven’t

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高一英语人教课标必修１第一单元周练

1. It's seven thirty. I_________ go to school. A. have got B. have got to C. got to D. had got to 2. The boy bought a new dictionary__________ he turned for help. A. from which B. into which C. which D. to which 3. This is the first time that I_________ at the meeting. A. had spoken B. have spoken C. am D. was

4. His whole school education ________ only 2 years because of his illness.

A. added up B. added up in C. added up to D. was added up 5. Will you _________ playing basketball?

A. join us in B. join toC. join us to D. to join us 6. Wood is often _________ paper.

A. used to making B. used to make C. used to be made D. used making

7. His backache is only _________ for not watering the flowers. A. a reason B. a cause C. an excuse D. reasons

8. Our teachers made us ________a lot of homework after school. A. to do B. doing C. do D. to have done 9. The shop _________ until 7 o’clock. A. stays opened B. continues open C. stays open D. continues opened 10. We ________in the neighborhood.

A. happened being B. happened be

C. happened to be D. are happened to be 11. I _________when I was a young girl. A. kept a diary B. wrote a diary C. made diaries D. kept diaries

12. No one _________ the newly-learned language. A. dared to speaking B. dared speak C. can dared speak D. dare speaking 13. I don't know_________.

A. how can I finish my homework on time B. how I could finish my homework on time C. I can how finish my homework on the time D. how I can finish my homework on time

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14. I want your_________, sir. I don t know what to do. A. advices B. piece of advices C. advice D. advise

15. ________of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.

A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; is C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; are 16. They are _______the new songs. A. practised singing B. practising to sing C. practising sing D. practising singing 17. This kind of cloth_____ soft and ______ well.

A. is felt; sells B. feels; is sold C. is felt; is sold D. feels; sells 18. ---- Have you _____ the invitation to the party? ---- Yes, I have. And I've ______ it. A. accepted, received B. received, accepted C. received, received D. accepted, accepted 19. This dictionary is ____ to my translation, but that one is _____. A. great help; helpless B. a great help; of no use C. important; of few importance D. very helpful; of no any use 20. --- Have you moved into the new house? --- Not yet. The rooms __________. A. are painting B. are being painted C. are painted D. have painted

21.The number of tall buildings ________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.

A. is increasing B. has increased C. are increased D. have increased

22. Mary’s pronunciation is much better than __________ in her class.

A. anyone’s B. anyone’s else C. anyone else’s D. anyone else 23. I will never forget the day _____ we worked together in London. A. when B. on that C. which D. while 24. I will never forget the day _____ we spent together.

A. when B. on that C. which D. while 25. I find the story really worth ______.

A. reading B. to read C. being read D. to be read 26. After I stayed in bed for two days, Mother ____ me going to see a doctor at once.

A. persuaded B. agreed C. suggested D. considering

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27. The shop stayed ________ till six o'clock.

A. opened B. open C. close D. closing 28. I don't know ____________. A. what does the word mean B. what the word mean C. what the word means D. how the word means 29. I’ll never forget the days ______I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. which; that C. when; which D. when; who 30. ----Need I clean the room now?

----Yes, you _____ , but you ______ ask someone to help you. A. need, need B. must, can C. need, can D. must, need 31. The teacher told us that the sun ______ in the east. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. rising 32. He said that he _____ at six.

A. was coming B. came C. has come D. comes 33. He said that the rain ______ the day before. A. is falling B. were falling

C. had been falling D. has been falling

34. She said that she ______ reading the book by the end of that week.

A. would have finished B. will have finished C. would have finish D. will have finish

35. He said that he would come and_______ me sometime the next year.

A. will be seeing B. will see C. would see D. see

36. She said that she _____ dance very well. A. can B. could C. will D. is

37. He asked me ______ I _____ going away that day. A. what…was B. what…am C. if…am D. if…was

38. She asked me_____ he was ______ brother. A. if…my B. if…her

C. that …my D. that …her

39. She asked me who would help____ finish the job. A. my B. she C. I D. me

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40. The foreigner asked me _____ the nearest hospital_____. A. how…was B. how…is C. where…is D. where…was

41. The boss ordered me _____ for the work. A. not…be B. be C. not D. not…to be

42. My mother always tells me _____ for the job. A. be on time B. in on time

C. be to on time D. to be on time

43. I asked her ____ give_____ a glass of water. A. be…my B. to…me C. be…me D. to…my

44. She told him _____ a brave boy _____ was. A. how…he B. what…he C. how…she D. what…she

45. The man told _____ that he ______me very much. A. I…miss B. me…missed C. I…missing D. me…miss

46. They told us they ______ the price ____ the meter. A. pay…for B. pay…on C. paid…on D. paid…for 47. She asked us _______

A. what she doing at eight last night. B. what was he doing at eight last night. C. what we were doing at eight last night. D. what were we doing at eight last night. 48. Mother told us _______ with fire. A. don’t play B. not play C. to not play D. not to play

49. The girl said that she __________ in 19. A. is born B. was born

C. has been born D. had been born 50. The old man told us that he ________.

A. has never been aboard before B. had never been aboard before C. was never aboard before D. is never aboard before

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