您好,欢迎来到品趣旅游知识分享网。
搜索
您的当前位置:首页天猫国际争议处理规范

天猫国际争议处理规范

来源:品趣旅游知识分享网
Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条 为明确存在争议的交易款项归属或资金赔偿,保障天猫国际上买家和卖家在交易中的合法权益,依据《天猫国际服务条款规则》,制定本规范。

Article 1 These rules are developed in accordance with the “Tmall Global Service Terms” for the purpose of ascertaining the ownership of the transaction funds or monetary compensation of trade disputes and protecting the legal rights and interests of Tmall Global’s Buyers and Sellers during a transaction.

第二条 天猫国际争议处理规范,是买家和卖家不可撤销地授权天猫国际基于自己的判断,作为第三方,对买卖双方存在争议的交易款项归属或资金赔偿做出处理的基本程序与标准。

Article 2 The Tmall Global Dispute Resolution Rules (these “Rules”) are the basic procedures and standards that Tmall Global will refer to when acting as an independent third party irrevocably authorized by its Buyers and Sellers to determine the ownership of the transaction funds and monetary compensation of trade disputes based on its independent judgment.

第三条 天猫国际将基于普通人的判断,根据本规范的规定对买卖双方的争议做出处理。天猫国际并非司法机关,对凭证/证据的鉴别能力及对争议的处理能力有限,天猫国际不保证争议处理结果符合买家和(或)卖家的期望,也不对依据本规范做出的争议处理结果承担任何责任。

Article 3 Tmall Global will, based on a reasonable man’s judgment, handle a dispute between a Buyer and Seller in accordance with these Rules. Tmall Global is not a judicial body, and has limitations in the ability to ascertain proof / evidence and to handle disputes, Tmall Global does not guarantee that the results of a dispute resolution will meet the expectations of the Buyer and(or) Seller, and will not be liable for any dispute resolution resolved in accordance with these Rules.

第四条 处理争议期间,天猫国际通过天猫国际系统、阿里旺旺、电子邮件、短信或电话等方式向买卖双方发送的与争议处理相关的提示或通知,构成本规范的有效组成部分。

Article 4 During dispute resolution, the reminders and notifications relating to the dispute sent by Tmall Global to the Buyer and Seller via the Tmall Global system, Aliwangwang, email, SMS, telephone etc. or other methods will constitute an effective part of these Rules.

第五条 天猫国际有权随时变更本规范并在网站上予以公告。除非另有规定,变更后的规范一经公告即自动生效。

Article 5 Tmall Global has the right to amend these Rules at any time and to publish the amended Rules on its website. Unless otherwise specified, the amended Rules will automatically take effect upon publication.

第二章 售中争议处理规范 第一节 一般规定

Chapter 2 Rules for Resolution of Disputes during Sale

Section 1 General Provisions

第六条 售中争议处理系指交易完结(系指天猫国际系统显示“交易成功”或“交易关闭”时的状态)前买卖双方提起交易保障要求,天猫国际根据相关要求对交易款项归属作出处理的基本程序与标准。

Article 6 Resolution of disputes during sale refers to the basic procedures and standards that Tmall Global will refer to when determining the ownership of the transaction funds of trade disputes with respect to a Buyer and Seller’s request for transaction guarantee before a transaction is complete (where Tmall Global’s system displays the status “successful transaction” or “transaction closed”).

第二节 交易标的规范

Section 2 Rules for the Subject of Transactions

第七条 卖家交付给买家的商品应当符合法律法规的相关规定,不得出售假冒商品,且所售商品不得违反《天猫国际服务条款规则》的盗用他人账户、虚假交易、描述不符第(一)项、第(二)项、骗取他人财物、发布违禁信息、出售假冒商品、假冒材质成份的相关规定。

Article 7 The goods delivered by a Seller to a Buyer must comply with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations. The Seller must not sell counterfeit

goods, goods sold must not violate the relevant provisions of the “Tmall Global Service Terms” on the misappropriation of another’s account, false trading, inaccurate descriptions as stipulated in Article 1 and Article 2, , misappropriation of another’s property, posting of prohibited information, sale of counterfeit goods, and falsifying material composition of goods.

第 卖家应当对其所售商品进行如实描述,即应当在商品描述页面、店铺页面、阿里旺旺等所有天猫国际提供的渠道中,对商品的基本属性、成色、瑕疵等必须说明的信息进行真实、完整的描述。

Article 8 A Seller must accurately describe the goods being sold, and must provide true and complete descriptions of a good’s basic properties, quality, defects and other information that must be stated at the good’s description page, store page, Aliwangwang and all other channels provided by Tmall Global.

第九条 卖家应当对其所售商品质量承担保证责任,即保证其交付给买家的商品在合理期限内可以正常使用,包括商品不存在危及人身财产安全的不合理危险、具备商品应当具备的使用性能、符合商品或其包装上注明采用的标准等。

Article 9 A Seller is responsible for the guarantee of the quality of the goods being sold, and warrant that the goods being delivered to the Buyer may be ordinarily used within a reasonable period, which includes warranting that the goods do not impose unreasonable danger to personal safety and property safety, goods perform as it should, and that goods comply with the standards specified on the good or its packaging etc.

第三节 交易行为规范Section 3 Rules for Trade Conduct

第十条 买卖双方应当进行真实交易,不进行以增加销量为目的的虚假交易。

Article 10 Both the Buyer and Seller must conduct true transactions, and must not conduct false transactions with the purpose of increasing sales volume.

第十一条 发货规范

Article 11 Rules on the Delivery of Goods

(一)卖家应当在买家付款后的120小时内(天猫国际服务条款规则)内发货,但有特殊规定的除外。

买家申请退款时卖家尚未发货的,卖家应当征得买家同意后再发货。

卖家逾期发货,或者未经买家同意在买家申请退款后发货,卖家应当追回已经发出的商品,但买家已经签收并确认收货的除外。

A Seller must dispatch goods within one hundred and twenty (120) hours of the Buyer making payment (Rules on the Delay of Delivering Goods), unless there are special exemptions.

Where a Buyer applies for a refund before the Seller dispatches the goods, the Seller should seek the consent of the Buyer before dispatching the goods.

Where a Seller delays in the dispatch of goods, or where a Seller did not seek the consent of the Buyer and dispatches the goods after the Buyer has applied for a refund, the Seller must recover the goods dispatched, unless the Buyer has already signed and confirmed receipt of the goods.

(二)卖家应当按照订单约定的收货地址发货。

A Seller must deliver goods in accordance with the shipping address agreed in the order.

(三)除非买卖双方另有约定,卖家应当负责将货物送达到买家收货地址。

商品需要买家到指定地点提取的,应当在发货前告知买家并征得买家同意。

Unless otherwise agreed by the Seller and Buyer, a Seller is responsible for ensuring the delivery of the goods to the shipping address.

If a good requires the Buyer to collect it from a designated place, the Seller must notify and seek the consent of the Buyer before the dispatching the good.

(四)卖家应当以约定的发货方式进行发货;除非发货前征得买家书面同意,带有“进口保税” 标记的商品需按规定方式进行发货。

A Seller must deliver the goods in accordance with the delivery method agreed; unless with written consent of the Buyer has been obtained prior to the dispatch of the goods, if such goods bear the “import tax-free” mark, goods must be

delivered in accordance with its prescribed manner.

(五)卖家应当使用有揽收和签收凭证的运输方式发货。买家要求使用没有揽收和签收凭证的运输方式(以下简称“平信方式”)发货的,卖家应当在发货前以阿里旺旺的方式明确告知买家该方式存在的风险。

A Seller should use courier-sign or sign-for-acceptance delivery methods to deliver goods. Where a Buyer requires delivery methods that do not have courier-sign or sign-for-acceptance (hereinafter referred to as “ordinary mail methods”) to deliver goods, the Seller should specifically notify the Buyer of the risks involved in using such method through Aliwangwang prior to dispatch.

(六)买卖双方指定了特定承运人的,卖家应当委托该特定承运人运送商品。卖家违反前述规定的,买家有权拒绝签收商品。

Where both the Buyer and Seller has specified and agreed on a particular carrier, the Seller should engage that particular carrier to deliver the goods. Where a Seller violates the aforementioned rules, the Buyer has the right to refuse to acknowledge receipt of the goods.

(七)自卖家点击发货之日起30日仍未完成中国海关清关(不包括因买家的原因造成的清关失败或者延误),交易支持退款,卖家应当及时召回商品并承担商品灭失等相关风险。

Where the Seller fails to complete customs clearance in China 30 days since its clicking of shipment (other than failure or delay in customs clearance for reasons

attributable to the Buyer), refund will be available with respect to the transaction and the Seller shall promptly call back the goods and bear relevant risks in loss of such goods.

(八)若卖家选择的物流公司无法在官方网站查询到完整及有效的货物追踪记录,自卖家点击发货之日起30日买家仍未收到货物的(不包括因买家的原因造成的清关失败或者延误),交易支持退款,卖家应当及时召回商品并承担商品灭失等相关风险。

Where complete and effective goods tracking records cannot be accessed on the official website of the logistics company selected by the Seller and the Buyer fails to receive the goods 30 days since the Seller’s clicking of shipment (other than failure or delay in customs clearance for reasons attributable to the Buyer), refund will be available with respect to the transaction and the Seller shall promptly call back the goods and bear relevant risks in loss of such goods.

第十二条 签收规范 Article 12 Rules for Acknowledging Receipt of Goods

(一)买家应当在订单中向卖家提供准确的收货地址和收货人信息。买家需要变更订单中的收货地址或收货人信息的,应当征得卖家的明确同意。

A Buyer must provide an accurate shipping address and recipient information to the Seller in the order. If a Buyer needs to change the shipping address or recipient information in the order, express consent of the Seller should be obtained.

(二)买家在提供收货人信息时,可以选择本人或者他人作为收货人。买家选择他人作为收货人,该收货人违反本节约定义务的,由买家承担相应责任。

When a Buyer provides recipient information, he / she may select themselves or someone else as the recipient. If a Buyer selects someone else as the recipient and the recipient violates the obligations stipulated in this Section, the Buyer must bear the corresponding responsibilities.

(三)因买家填写的收货地址和(或)收货人信息不准确,或者未经卖家同意要求变更收货地址或收货人信息,导致卖家发货后无法送达的,运费由买家承担。

If a Seller fails to deliver the goods as a result of the Buyer providing an inaccurate shipping address and (or) recipient information or the Buyer requests to change the shipping address or recipient information without the Seller’s consent, , the delivery costs will be borne by the Buyer.

(四)买家只填写了收货地址,但没有填写收货人或填写的收货人信息不特定,商品在收货地址被签收的,该签收视为买家本人签收。

Where a Buyer only fills out the shipping address, but does not provide any recipient information, or the recipient information is not specific, if there is acknowledgement that the goods have been received at the shipping address, such acknowledgment of receipt will be deemed as the Buyer’s acknowledgement of receipt.

(五)卖家按照约定发货后,收货人有收货的义务。

收货人无正当理由拒绝签收商品的,运费及关税由买家承担;买卖双方另行约定的除外。

收货人拒绝签收商品后,卖家应当及时联系承运人取回商品。因卖家怠于取回商品所产生的额外运费、保管费等费用由卖家承担。

Where a Seller delivers the goods in accordance with the agreement, the recipient is obliged to receive the goods.

Where a recipient refuses to acknowledge receipt of goods without a proper reason, the delivery costs and custom duties will be borne by the Buyer, unless otherwise agreed by the Buyer and Seller.

Where a recipient refuses to acknowledge receipt goods, the Seller must promptly contact the carrier to retrieve the goods. Any additional delivery costs, insurance costs and other costs incurred due to the Seller’s delay in retrieving the goods will be borne by the Seller.

(六)收货人可以本人签收商品或委托他人代为签收商品,被委托人的签收视为收货人本人签收。

The recipient may acknowledge receipt of the goods themselves, or appoint another to acknowledge receipt on their behalf. Such appointed person’s

acknowledgement of receipt will be deemed as the recipient’s acknowledgement of receipt.

(七)收货人签收商品时,应当对商品进行验收。

涉及商品表面一致的事项,收货人应当在签收商品时进行验收。

对于不能在签收商品时验收的事项,收货人应当在确认收货前或在《天猫国际服务条款规则》中交易流程及规定的超时打款时限内进行验收。

本条所称“表面一致”,是指凭肉眼即可判断所收到的商品表面状况良好且与网上描述相符,表面一致的判断范围可参考但不限于货物的形状、大小、数量、重量等。

(7) When a recipient acknowledges receipt of goods, he / she should check the goods before accepting them.

The recipient should check the regular appearance of goods before acknowledging receipt.

For goods that cannot be checked when it is delivered and acknowledgement of receipt, the recipient should check the goods before confirming acceptance of the goods, or within the time limit set out in the provisions concerning transaction process and overdue payments provided in the “Tmall Global Service Terms” .

“Regular appearance” in this provision refers to where it is possible to assess whether a good received is in good condition and consistent with the online

description on the spot; for reference, the scope of regular appearance includes but is not limited to, the shape, size, quantity, weight etc. of a good.

(八)收货人签收商品时发现表面不一致的情形,有权拒绝签收商品。

对于需要先签收再打开包装查看的商品,收货人应当要求承运人当场监督并打开包装查看,如发现表面不一致,应当在签收单(收货人联和承运人联)上备注详细情况并让承运人签字确认或者直接退回商品。

If the recipient discovers that the goods are not regular in appearance when goods are delivered, he/she has ave the right to refuse to acknowledge receipt of the goods.

Regarding goods requiring acknowledgement of receipt before they can be opened and checked, the recipient should request the carrier to supervise and open the package to check on site. If the goods are not regular in appearance, the recipient should write down details of the circumstances on the shipping receipt (to be signed by both the recipient and the carrier), for the carrier’s confirmation by signature or for the carrier to directly return the goods.

(九)收货人境内签收商品后,商品毁损、灭失的风险由卖家转移给买家。

After a recipient acknowledges receipt of goods in the territory, the risks of damage and loss associated with the goods will be passed from the Seller to the Buyer.

第十三条 退货规范Article 13 Rules for the Return of Goods

(一)买卖双方达成退货协议,或天猫国际做出退货退款的处理结果后,卖家应当在收到天猫国际处理结果后的48小时内或者与买家约定的时间内提供当地退货地址(即商品销往中国的商家需提供中国的指定退货地点;商品销往的商家需提供的指定退货地点;商品销往的商家需提供的指定退货地点。具体退货地点以双方协商为准)。卖家逾期未提供合理退货地址的,需承担商品无法退回的风险。

After a buyer and a seller reach a return agreement, or Tmall Global makes the determination of goods return and refund, the seller should offer a local return address within 48 hours after receiving the determination of Tmall Global or within the time agreed by both parties (this means that a merchant selling commodities to Mainland China should offer a designated return address in Mainland China; a merchant selling commodities to should offer a designated return address in ; and a merchant selling commodities to Taiwan should offer a designated return address in Taiwan. The specific return site is subject to the negotiation between both parties). If failing to offer a reasonable return address within the specified time, the seller should bear the risk of commodity loss.

(二)卖家提供的退货地址错误导致买家操作退回商品后无法送达的,卖家承担因此产生的运费。

If a Seller provides an inaccurate return address causing the Buyer’s failure to return the goods, the Seller will bear the delivery costs incurred.

(三)买家根据协议约定或天猫国际做出的处理结果操作退货时,应当使用与卖家发货时相同的运输方式发货。除非得到卖家的明确同意,买家不得使用到付方式支付运费。退货后,卖家有收货的义务。

When a Buyer processes a return based on an agreement with the Seller or a determination made by Tmall Global, he/she should use the same delivery method used by the Seller to deliver the goods. Unless with specific consent of the Seller, a Buyer must not use the payment-upon-arrival method for the payment of delivery costs. After the goods are returned, the Seller is under an obligation to accept the goods.

(四)临界保质期商品的维权处理规范

Handling Rules for the Protection of Rights Concerning Goods with Critical Shelf Life

保质期是指产品的最佳食用期或使用期。产品的保质期由生产者提供,标注在限时使用的产品上。在保质期内,产品的生产企业对该产品质量符合有关标准或明示担保的质量条件负责,销售者可以放心销售这些产品,消费者可以安全食用或使用。

Shelf life refers to the best consumption period or usage period of a product. The shelf life of a product is provided by the manufacturer, and is labeled on the product with a limited usage period. Within the shelf life of a product, the manufacturer of the product is responsible for ensuring that the quality of the product complies with the relevant standards or express warranties, that Sellers can

sell these products safely, and that customers can consume or use the products safely.

若商家明确商品保质期≤30天,则从买家签收之日起算距离保质期到期天数≤3天的,无条件支持买家退款不退货;30天<商品保质期≤90天,则从买家签收之日起算距离保质期到期天数≤7天的,支持买家退款不退货。

Where a Merchant specifies that the shelf life of a good is less than or equal to thirty (30) days, if the good expires within three (3) days of the Buyer acknowledging receipt of the good, the Merchant must unconditionally allow the Buyer to obtain a refund without returning the good; if a good’s shelf life is more than thirty (30) days but less than or equal to ninety (90) days, if the good expires within seven (7) days of the Buyer acknowledging receipt of the good, the Merchant must allow the Buyer to obtain a refund without returning the good.

其余情况参考各类目条款。

For any other circumstances, please refer to the relevant provisions of other categories.

第十四条 买卖双方应当在交易前对商品情况、交易过程进行详细、清晰明确的约定。

Article 14 Before any transaction, the details of the goods and transaction process must be agreed by both the Buyer and Seller in a clear and detailed manner.

第四节 物流规范Section 4 Logistics Rules

第十五条 运费

Article 15 Delivery Fees

卖家应当对运费的承担和组成做出清晰、准确的描述。

The Seller must clearly and accurately specify who is responsible for the payment of delivery costs and the composition of the delivery costs.

商品描述中对运费做出两个以上的不同描述,或者实际发生的运费与商品描述的运费不一致的,卖家应当通过阿里旺旺向买家进行说明,并取得买家的同意。

If a good’s description contains two or more descriptions of delivery costs, or the actual delivery costs is inconsistent with the description of such, the Seller must provide an explanation to the Buyer and obtain their consent through Aliwangwang.

卖家违反前款约定的,以有利于买家的描述支付运费。

If a Seller violates the agreement in the preceding paragraph, the delivery costs should be paid in accordance with the description that is favorable to the Buyer.

(二)运费由买家承担的,卖家应当按照实际发生的金额向买家收取运费。

Where delivery costs are borne by the Buyer, the Seller must charge the Buyer in accordance with the actual delivery costs incurred.

第十六条 行邮税、通关手续相关问题

Article 16 Parcel Tax, Custom Clearance Procedures and other related issues.

(一)商品邮寄快递入境需办理相关入境通关手续的,卖家应根据相关法律法规,提前告知买家应由其进行配合的事项。买家应当进行配合并提供必要文件。如因买家未进行配合导致商家无法发货的,商家不承担责任。

For goods sent by mail delivery that require custom clearance procedures, the Seller must inform the Buyer in advance of matters that require his / her cooperation in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations. The Buyer must cooperate and provide necessary documents. If the Buyer does not cooperate causing the Merchant’s failure to deliver goods, the Merchant will not be liable.

(二)卖家不得要求买家对法律法规规定以外的事项进行配合或提供不必要的文件。

A Seller must not require the Buyer to cooperate or provide documents unless required by laws and regulations.

(三)进口商品产生的进口税,除个人邮递物品申报的关税由商家进行承担报销外,其余由买家承担。

Import duties on imported goods produced, in addition to individual postal

items declared by the merchants bear reimbursement tariff, the rest paid by the buyer.

第五节 争议处理

Section 5 Dispute Resolution

第十七条 卖家出售的商品违反法律法规规定,或为根据《天猫国际服务条款规则》的盗用他人账户、骗取他人财物、发布违禁信息、出售假冒商品、假冒材质成份的相关规定不得出售的商品,天猫国际有权对交易做撤销处理。

Article 17 Where a good sold by a Seller violates any law and regulation, or is a good that cannot be sold according to the provisions of the “Tmall Global Service Terms” concerning the misappropriation of another’s account, misappropriation of another's property, posting of prohibited information, selling counterfeit goods, and misrepresentation of a good’s composition, Tmall Global has the right to cancel such transaction.

第十 商品存在质量问题或与网上描述不符的,交易做退货退款处理。

Article 18 Where there is a problem with the good’s quality or a good is inconsistent with the descriptions made online, the transaction will be resolved by refund and return of goods.

商品并非假冒商品且没有质量问题的,交易做打款处理。

Where a good is not a counterfeit and does not have quality problems, the transaction will be resolved by releasing payment of the good.

因商品存在危及人身财产安全的不合理危险,导致买家损失的,由买卖双方另行协商或通过其他途径解决,天猫国际不予处理。

Where a Buyer suffers any loss due to a good’s unreasonable risk to personal and property safety, Tmall Global will not handle the dispute and the Buyer and Seller must negotiate separately or resolve the dispute by other means.

第十九条 就售中而言,买卖双方进行虚假交易的,交易做退款处理。

Article 19 During the sales process, if a buyer and seller engages in false trading, the transaction will be resolved by refund.

就售后而言,买卖双方进行虚假交易的,驳回买家退款要求。

After a sale, if the Buyer and Seller had engaged in false trading, the Buyer’s request for a refund will be dismissed.

第二十条 卖家违反发货规范,导致买家未收到货、拒绝签收商品或者签收后退回商品的,交易做退款处理,运费由卖家承担。

Article 20 Where a Sellers violates the rules on the delivery of goods thereby causing the Buyer to be unable to receive the goods, refusing to acknowledge receipt of the goods, or returns the goods after acknowledging receipt, the

transaction will be resolved by refund and the delivery costs will be borne by the Seller.

卖家提供凭证证明买家已收到货,买家未提出其他异议的,交易做打款处理。

Where a Seller provides proof that the Buyer has received the goods and did not raise any other objections, the transaction will be resolved by releasing payment of the good.

第二十一条 买家依据签收规范拒绝签收商品或者退回商品的,交易做退款处理,运费由卖家承担。

Article 21 Where a Buyer refuses to acknowledge receipt of goods or returns the goods in accordance with the rules for acknowledging receipt of goods, the transaction will be resolved by refund and the delivery costs will be borne by the Seller.

涉及表面一致的事项,买家提供有效凭证证明签收时既已存在表面一致情形的,交易做退款或退货退款处理;买家无法有效举证的,交易做打款处理。

For matters relating to the regular appearance of goods, where a Buyer provides proof that the goods had regular appearance at the time of acknowledging receipt, the transaction will be resolved by refund or refund and return of the goods. Where a Buyer cannot provide valid proof, the transaction will be resolved by releasing payment of the good.

对于不能在签收商品时验收的事项产生争议的,适用本规范第十的规定进行处理。

Disputes arising out of matters that cannot be checked at the time of acknowledging receipt of goods will be resolved in accordance with Article 18 of these Rules.

第二十二条 买家或卖家违反退货规范的,做如下处理:

Article 22 Violations of the rules for the return of goods by a Buyer or Seller will be handled in the following manner:

(一)卖家未在规定时间内提供退货地址,或者提供退货地址错误导致买家无法退货或操作退回商品后无法送达的,或者买家根据协议约定操作退货后,卖家无正当理由拒绝签收商品的,交易做退款处理,退货运费由卖家承担。卖家需要取回商品的,应当与买家另行协商或通过其他途径解决,天猫国际不予处理。

Where a Seller fails to provide a return address within the specified time, or provides an inaccurate return address causing the Buyer’s failure to return the goods or the goods cannot be delivered, or after the Buyer returns the goods as agreed but the Seller refuses to acknowledge receipt of the goods without proper reason, the transaction will be resolved by refund and the return delivery costs will be borne by the Seller. Tmall Global will not handle matters concerning a Seller requiring retrieval of goods; the Seller must negotiate with the Buyer separately or resolve the issue through other channels.

(二)买家逾期未根据协议约定或天猫国际规定时间操作退货的,交易做打款处理。

Where a Buyer fails to return the goods within the timeframe set forth in the agreement or the rules of Tmall Global, the transaction will be resolved by releasing payment of the good.

交易款项支付给卖家后,买家再次要求退货的,应当与卖家另行协商或通过其他途径解决,天猫国际不予处理。

Tmall Global will not handle matters concerning a Buyer requesting to return the goods again after transaction funds have been paid to the Seller, ; the Buyer must negotiate with the Seller separately or resolve the issue through other channels.

(三)商品在退货过程中损毁的,商品退回买家或买家无理由拒签后,交易做打款处理。

Where goods are damaged in the course of return, after goods are returned to the Buyer or the Buyer refuses to acknowledge receipt of the goods without reason, the transaction will be resolved by releasing payment of the good.

(四)买卖双方达成退货退款协议或天猫国际做出退货退款处理的交易,商品退回至卖家退货地址后,天猫国际有权退款给买家。

For transactions where a Buyer and Seller agreed to refund and return the

goods, or where Tmall Global makes a determination to that effect, Tmall Global has the right to refund the Buyer after the goods have been returned to the Seller’s return address.

(五)买卖双方达成换货协议的交易,卖家收到买家退回的商品后逾期未再次发货的,天猫国际有权退款给买家。

For transactions where a Buyer and Seller have agreed to replace the goods, Tmall Global will have the right to refund the Buyer if the Seller fails to deliver the goods again after receiving the goods returned by the Buyer.

(六)就退货退款处理的跨境交易而言,因卖家原因导致买家无法退货的,交易做不退货退款处理。

For cross-border transactions resolved by return and refund of goods, if a Buyer cannot return the goods due to reasons attributable to the Seller, the transaction will then be resolved by refund without the return of goods.

(七)卖家未向买家提示风险而使用平信方式发货的,或未委托指定了特定承运人承运商品的,交易做退款处理,运费由卖家承担。

Where a Seller uses ordinary mail to deliver goods without first warning the Buyer of the associated risks, or fails to engage the designated carrier to deliver the goods, the transaction will be resolved by refund and the Seller will bear the delivery costs.

第二十三条 买卖双方约定不清,根据本规范无法确定争议的责任归属的,交易做退货退款处理,发货运费由卖家承担,退货运费由买家承担。

Article 23 Where a Buyer and Seller fails to reach a clear agreement and it is impossible to determine the liability according to these Rules, the transaction will be resolved by return and refund of goods. The delivery costs for delivery of the goods will be borne by the Seller and the delivery costs for the return of goods will be borne by the Buyer.

因约定不清导致的其他损失,天猫国际有权根据具体情况判断双方应当承担的比例或有权不予处理。

For other losses arising out of an unclear agreement, Tmall Global has the right to determine the proportion of liability each party should bear according to the actual situation, or choose to not handle the dispute.

第二十四条 运费承担

Article 24 Bearing of Delivery Costs

(一)交易中的运费争议,根据“谁过错,谁承担”的原则处理,但买卖双方协商一致的除外。本规范已经做出明确规定的,按照相应的规定处理。

Disputes over delivery costs in transactions will be handled according to the principle \" who is at fault must bear the responsibility\

agree otherwise. Disputes will be handled in accordance with the Rules where these Rules have expressly specified the method of handling the dispute.

(二)买卖双方达成退款协议,但未就运费进行约定的,由卖家承担与其发货相同货运方式的运费。

Where a Buyer and Seller have agreed to a refund but have not agreed on the delivery costs, the Seller will bear the delivery costs equivalent to that of the method of delivery that it adopted when delivering the goods.

(三)天猫国际处理争议期间,卖家同意退货或换货,但就运费的承担提出明确异议的,买家应当先行退货,卖家签收商品后,由天猫国际根据本规范对运费承担做出处理。

During Tmall Global’s handling of disputes, if a Seller agrees to return or replace the goods but expressly objects to bear the delivery costs, the Buyer should return the goods first and after the Seller acknowledges receipt of the goods, Tmall Global will make a determination in accordance with these Rules on which party should bear the delivery costs.

第二十五条 商家出售以下任一明知是不符合相关国家或地区食品安全标准法律法规的食品,应为买家退款,若买家要求赔偿的,应再向买家支付相当于商品实际成交金额十倍的赔偿金,赔偿金额不足一千元的,赔偿一千元:

Article 25 Where any merchant sells any of the following foods which they know are not in compliance with relevant national or local food safety standards,

laws and rules, such merchant shall refund the payment to the buyer; where the buyer claims for compensation, such merchant shall pay the buyer liquidated damages equivalent to ten times the actual transaction amount of the involved commodity; where the liquidated damages is less than RMB 1,000, RMB 1,000 will apply:

(一)出售过期食品或商品外包装上标注的生产日期晚于该商品的实际生产日期;

Sell outdated foods or the exterior package of the commodity indicates that the production date of the commodity is later than its actual production date;

(二)其他不符合相关国家或地区食品安全标准法律法规的商品。

Other commodities that are not in compliance with relevant national or local food safety standards, laws and rules.

第二十六条 赠品争议处理规范

Article 26 Giveaway dispute resolution rules

(一)本规范所称的赠品系指:买家以购买交易商品为前提而获得的卖家承诺或双方约定的赠予物。卖家开展合法有奖销售的,买家中奖所获的奖品亦视为赠品。

For the purpose these rules, the \"Giveaway\" refers to the complimentary gifts given to buyers contingent on the purchase of designated goods per the promises made by the seller or the agreement reached by both parties. Where the seller

conducts legitimate prize-giving sales, the prize that the buyer receives is also regarded as giveaway.

(二) 卖家应当明示赠品的品种、规格、数量、价值、赠品发货地等要素,若表述内容出现含混不清、有歧义等情形的,按有利于买家的原则进行认定。

Sellers shall clearly indicate the type, specification, quantity, value, shipping origin and other essential information of the giveaways. If such statement contains equivocation or ambiguity, it shall be construed in the way that favors the buyers.

(三) 卖家附赠的赠品若本身需要法定售卖资质的(如食品类等),则应当具备该资质方可进行附赠。否则,买家可要求按赠品价值退还相应价款。

If the giveaway offered by the seller are products that require statutory qualification to sell (such as food etc.), the seller shall have such permit in order to use the product as giveaway. Otherwise, the buyer can demand refund of payment equivalent to value of the giveaway.

(四) 如赠品为非中国发货的,则发货时间应当按照《天猫国际服务条款规则》发货时间要求相一致,赠品延迟发货的,将根据赠品价值并依照《天猫国际服务条款规则》延迟发货相关规则进行处理。

如经向天猫国际报备并经天猫国际评估后予以中国发货的赠品,赠品的发货时间应当按照《天猫市场管理规范》发货时间一致。买卖双方对赠品发货时间另有约定的,从其约定。

Where the shipping origin of the giveaway is outside the Chinese mainland, the delivery time shall be consistent with the requirements stipulated in the Tmall Global Service Terms. In the event of delay in shipment, giveaway shall be shipped out in accordance with the relevant rules in Tmall Global Service Terms based on its value. If the giveaway has been recorded with and approved by Tmall Global to be shipped from within the Chinese mainland, the delivery time shall follow the requirements in Tmall Marketplace Rules. Where a separate agreement is made between the buyer and the seller on the delivery time of the giveaway, such agreement shall prevail.

(五) 买家签收交易商品后,赠品的争议处置结果不影响交易商品的争议处理。

After the buyer signs for the trading commodity, the result of giveaway dispute resolution will have no impact on the handling of disputes of the trading commodity.

(六) 交易商品七天无理由退货的,买家应当确保赠品完好且一并退回,因买家原因导致赠品无法退回,或退回途中损毁、灭失的,卖家不得以此拒绝交易商品退货,但可按本条第(八)款确定的赠品价值自交易货款中扣除相应价款。本规范另有说明的从其说明。

If the trading commodity is returned on the basis of seven-day without-reason return policy, the buyer shall ensure the giveaway is intact and returned along with the trading commodity. In the event that the buyer is unable to return the giveaway or the giveaway is damaged, destroyed or lost during the return process, the seller shall not reject the return of the trading commodity on this account but may

deduct the price equivalent to the value of the giveaway from the transaction that is determined through the calculation method defined in paragraph (8) of this article. If otherwise stated in these rules, such statement shall prevail.

(七) 存在下述情形之一的,赠品退货事宜由卖家自行和买家协商解决:

In the event of any of the following circumstances, the matter of return of giveaway shall be settled through negotiation between the seller and the buyer:

1、卖家违反本条款(三)且买家要求退还赠品价款的;

1. Where the seller breaches paragraph (3) of this article, and the buyer demands the refund of the giveaway;

2、卖家过错致使交易商品退款或退货退款的;

2. Where the trading commodity is requested for refund or return and refund due to the seller's fault;

3、非因买家原因,赠品依其性质或性状不适宜退货或无法退货的。

3. Where the giveaway is not suitable for return or unable to be returned due to its unique property or character that are not as a result of the buyer's behaviour;

4、因商家原因导致交易商品退货地址与赠品退货地址不一致的,赠品的退货运费由卖家承担。

4. Where the return address for the trading commodity and the giveaway are different, the shipping fee for the return of the giveaway shall be paid by the seller.

(八) 赠品的价值计算:

Calculation of the value of giveaway:

1、如赠品为跨境发货,以向海关申报的价值计算;

If the giveaway is shipped from outside the Chinese mainland, the value shall be determined by the value declared at the customs;

2、如赠品为国内发货,以卖家对赠品价值事先予以声明的价值折算;

If the giveaway is shipped from within the Chinese mainland, the value shall be determined by the ex ante value declared by the seller;

3、事先未予声明的或者卖家申明的价值与市场价值明显不符,将参照赠品的市场公允价格酌定。

If no ex ante declaration of the value is made by the seller or the value declared is obviously not consistent with market value of the giveaway, the value of the giveaway shall be determined according to the fair market value.

第三章 售后争议处理规范

Chapter 3 Rules on After-sale Dispute Resolution

第二十七条 售后争议处理系指交易完结后买卖双方提起交易保障要求,天猫国际对相关要求对交易赔偿作出处理的基本程序与标准。

Article 27 After-sale Dispute Resolution refers to the basic procedures and standards according to which Tmall Global will handle claims for transaction damages of Buyer or Seller requests for transaction protection after the completion of sales.

第四章 举证责任

Chapter 4 Burden of Proof

第二十 争议处理过程中,天猫国际有权要求买家或卖家提供证明证据,且有权单方判断证据的效力。

Article 28 During dispute resolution, Tmall Global has the right to request the Buyer or Seller to provide evidence, and has the right to unilaterally decide on the admissibility of the evidence.

第二十九条 买家主张未收到货的,卖家对买家已按照本规范规定签收商品承担举证责任。

Article 29 Where a Buyer claims that it has not received the goods, the Seller bears the burden in proving the Buyer had already acknowledged receipt of such

goods in accordance with these Rules.

第三十条 买家签收商品后,因表面不一致产生争议的,买家对签收商品时即已存在表面不一致的情形承担举证责任。

Article 30 After a Buyer acknowledges receipt of goods, if a dispute arises out of the good’s irregularity in appearance, the Buyer bears the burden of proving that the irregularity in appearance existed at the time the Buyer acknowledged receipt of such goods.

第三十一条 买家主张收到的商品存在质量问题或系假冒商品且通过肉眼无法做出判断的,卖家应当按照天猫国际的要求提供包括但不限于:完整进货凭证链、品牌授权、产品合格证、商业登记证等证明文件。

Article 31 Where a Buyer claims that the goods received possesses quality problems or are counterfeit goods, but the claims cannot be determined through the naked eye, the Seller must provide documents of proof, in accordance with Tmall Global’s request, including but not limited to: the complete evidence chain of the good’s purchase, brand license, product certification, business registration certificate etc.

买家主张商品存在质量问题或与网上描述不符,且可通过肉眼做出判断的,天猫国际有权根据商品图片直接认定。

Where a Buyer claims that the goods received possesses quality problems or

that the goods are inconsistent with the online description, but the claims cannot be determined by the naked eye, Tmall Global has the right to directly make a determination in accordance with the good’s images.

第三十二条 卖家提供符合本规范第三十条规定的证明文件后,买家应当根据天猫国际的要求提供相应的检测凭证。

Article 32 After a Seller provides documents of proof that comply with Article 30 of these Rules, the Buyer must provide corresponding inspection proof according to the request of Tmall Global.

检测结果为商品存在质量问题或系假冒商品的,检测费用由卖家承担;检测结果为商品不存在质量问题且非假冒商品的,检测费用由买家承担。因商品在检测过程中产生的损坏责任承担原则,与检测费用的责任承担相同。

Where the inspection results show that the goods possess quality problems or are counterfeit goods, the inspection costs will be borne by the Seller; where the inspection results show that the goods do not possess quality problems or are not counterfeit goods, the inspection costs will be borne by the Buyer. The principles determining the responsibility for damages during the inspection process will be the same as the responsibility for inspection costs.

客观上无法提供检测证明或者提供检测证明的代价超过争议金额本身而导致事实无法查明的,按照本规范第二十二条规定进行处理。

Where a claim cannot be proven due to the objective inability to provide inspection proof, or where the inspection costs exceeds the payment amount in dispute, such disputes will be handled in accordance with Article 22 of these Rules.

非应天猫国际要求,买家自行检测的,检测费用由买家承担。

Where a Buyer inspects the goods without being requested by Tmall Global, the inspection costs will be borne by the Buyer.

第三十三条 如果卖家没有声明发货,但在买家申请退款前已经实际发货的,应当提供相应的发货凭证。

Article 33 Where a Seller has not announced the delivery the goods, but has actually delivered the goods before the Buyer applies for a refund, the Seller must provide corresponding proof of delivery.

第三十四条 针对天猫国际受理的各类型争议所需提供的全部证明文件,以天猫国际要求的内容为准。

Article 34 Documents of proof provided for various disputes handled by Tmall Global must be provided in accordance with Tmall Global’s request.

第三十五条 天猫国际作为第三方,仅对双方提交的证据进行形式审查,并作出判断,双方自行对证据的真实性、完整性、准确性和及时性负责,并承担举证不能的后果。

Article 35 Tmall Global, as an independent third party, will only conduct a formal review of the evidence provided by both parties and make an independent judgment. Both parties are responsible for the truthfulness, completeness, accuracy and timeliness of the evidence and the consequences for inability to adduce evidence.

第五章 争议处理程序

Chapter 5 Dispute Resolution Procedures

申请和受理

Section 1 Application and Acceptance

第三十六条 买家申请退款后,买卖双方可以选择自行协商、要求天猫国际介入或通过司法途径等方式解决存在的争议。

任一方要求天猫国际介入的,天猫国际即有权根据本规范对争议进行处理。

Article 36 After a Buyer applies for a refund, the Buyer and Seller may choose to resolve disputes through individual negotiation, requesting Tmall Global’s intervention, or through legal channels and other means.

Where a party requests Tmall Global’s intervention, Tmall Global has the right to handle the dispute in accordance with these Rules.

第三十七条 买卖双方向天猫国际申请争议处理,必须符合以下条件:

Article 37 A Buyer and Seller applying for dispute handling by Tmall Global must fulfill the following conditions:

(一)就售中争议而言,因买家未收到商品、商品表面不一致、收到的商品与描述不符、商品存在质量问题产生争议的,买家应当在付款后,确认收货前或在《天猫国际服务条款规则》中交易流程及规定的超时打款的时限内提出退款申请。

With respect to disputes during sale, a Buyer should apply for a refund for disputes arising due to a Buyer not receiving the good, the good is irregular in appearance, the good received does not match its description, or the good possesses quality problems after payment, before confirming receipt of the goods or within the timeout period for overdue payments as stipulated in the provisions concerning transaction process in the “Tmall Global Service Terms”.

(二)就售后争议而言,符合以下条件的争议处理,买家可以提出退款申请:

With respect to after-sale disputes, where disputes comply with the following conditions, the Buyer may apply for a refund:

1、因商品系假冒商品产生争议的,买家应当在交易成功后的九十天内提出退款申请。

If the dispute concerns a good that is a counterfeit good, the Buyer must apply for a refund within ninety (90) days after the transaction is complete.

2、因收到的商品与描述不符产生争议的,买家应当在交易成功后的十五天内提出退款申请。

If the dispute concerns a good received that does not match its description, the Buyer must apply for a refund within fifteen (15) days after the transaction is complete.

3、类目对售后争议处理的受理有特殊规定的,依照类目的特殊规定。

Where a category of goods has its own special rules for after-sale dispute resolution, such disputes will be handled in accordance with the special rules of those categories.

第三十 天猫国际对符合第三十的争议处理申请,予以受理;对下列申请,分别情形,予以处理:

Article 38 Tmall Global will accept the applications for handling trade disputes if it complies with Article 38 of these Rules; Tmall Global will handle trade disputes for the following applications and different circumstances:

(一)买家超出规定时限提出退款申请的,天猫国际不予受理。

Tmall Global will not accept applications for handling trade disputes where a Buyer applies for a refund after the prescribed time limit.

(二)买卖双方经自行协商达成退款协议并履行完毕,一方或双方反悔产生争议的,

天猫国际不予处理;买卖双方经自行协商达成退款协议但尚未履行,一方或双方反悔,要求天猫国际介入的,天猫国际按照本规范进行处理。

Tmall Global will not handle trade disputes where a Buyer or Seller goes back on a separately agreed arrangement for refund already completed; where a Buyer or Seller goes back on a separately agreed arrangement for refund that has not been completed, and requests Tmall Global to intervene, Tmall Global will handle such dispute in accordance with these Rules.

(三)交易做不退货退款处理后,卖家需要取回商品的,应当联系买家自行协商或通过其他途径解决,天猫国际不予处理。

Tmall Global will not handle trade disputes involving a transaction that has been completed without a refund or return of goods but the Seller wishes to retrieve the goods, in such circumstances the Seller should contact the Buyer directly to negotiate or settle the dispute using other means.

(四)买卖双方实际交易商品与订单显示商品不一致,因实际交易商品产生的争议,天猫国际不予处理。

Tmall Global will not handle trade disputes concerning actual goods received that are inconsistent the goods of an order.

(五)驳回买家退款要求后,买家再次申请的天猫国际不予处理。

Tmall Global will not handle trade disputes involving a Buyer’s re-application for refund after the Buyer’s initial request for refund has been rejected.

(六)本规范有特别规定的其他情形,天猫国际不予处理。

Tmall Global will not handle trade disputes for circumstances with special regulations under these Rules.

第二节 争议的处理

Section 2 Handling of Trade Disputes

第三十九条 天猫国际处理争议期间,买卖双方应当按照天猫国际系统的提示和(或)天猫国际发送的短信、电话或邮件通知及时提供凭证。

Article 39 During Tmall Global’s handling of a trade dispute, the Buyer and Seller must provide proof in a timely manner in accordance with the tips provided on the Tmall Global system and (or) the notifications sent by Tmall Global via text, phone calls or email.

第四十条 天猫国际收集到双方提供的凭证后,将在天猫国际系统提示的时间内,按照本规范对相应争议做出处理;本规范没有明确规定的,由天猫国际依其判断做出处理。

任何一方无正当理由,未按照前款规定提供凭证的,天猫国际有权按照实际收集到的凭证做出处理。

Article 40 After Tmall Global collects proof provided by both parties, it will, within the time limit shown Tmall Global system, handle the dispute in accordance with these Rules; for trade disputes that these Rules do not provide for specifically, Tmall Global will handle these disputes at its sole discretion.

Where either party, without proper reason, does not provide proof in accordance with the foregoing provisions, Tmall Global will have the right to handle such disputes in accordance with the proof it actually collects.

第四十一条 天猫国际按照其判断,根据不同情况,将对买卖双方的争议做以下类型的处理:

Article 41 Depending on different circumstances, Tmall Global will use its independent judgment to handle trade disputes arising between a Buyer and Seller in the following manner:

(一)交易做撤销处理的,交易款项支付给买家。

Where a transaction is settled by cancellation, the transaction funds will be paid to the Buyer.

(二)交易做退款处理的,交易款项支付给买家。

Where a transaction is settled by refund, the transaction funds will be paid to the Buyer.

(三)交易做退货退款处理的,在卖家签收退货后,交易款项支付给买家。

Where a transaction is settled by a return and refund of goods, the transaction funds will be paid to the Buyer after the Seller acknowledges receipt of the goods being returned.

(四)交易协商不退货部分退款处理的,交易款项分别支付给买家和卖家。

If it is agreed that the goods not being returned will be settled by partial refund, the transaction funds will be paid to the Buyer and Seller respectively.

(五)交易做打款处理的,交易款项支付给卖家。

Where the transaction is settled by releasing payment of the goods, the transaction funds will be paid to the Seller.

(六)驳回买家退款要求。

Rejecting a Buyer’s request for refund.

第三节 处理中止

Section 3 Termination of Dispute Resolution

第四十二条 天猫国际处理争议期间,有下列情形之一的,天猫国际中止处理相应争议:

Article 42 During Tmall Global’s handling of trade disputes, if any of the following circumstances occurs, Tmall Global will terminate the resolution of the corresponding dispute:

(一)买卖双方一致要求自行协商处理争议;

Where the Buyer and Seller both request to resolve the dispute themselves through negotiation;

(二)任何一方通知天猫国际通过司法途径解决争议。

Where a party informs Tmall Global that the dispute will be resolved through judicial processes.

第四十三条 争议处理程序恢复

Article 43 Resuming Dispute Resolution Procedures

(一)买卖双方一致要求自行协商处理争议的,应当在提出协商要求后的30天内自行操作交易款项,或向天猫国际提供协商结果,由天猫国际代为操作。逾期未操作交易款项也未告知协商结果的,天猫国际有权根据本规范处理争议。

Where a Buyer and Seller both request to resolve the dispute themselves through negotiation, the Buyer and Seller must settle the transaction funds , or provide Tmall Global with the negotiation results for Tmall Global to settle the transaction funds on their behalf within thirty (30) days of submitting such request.

In case of failure to settle the transaction funds or inform Tmall Global of the negotiation results, Tmall Global has the right to handle such dispute in accordance with these Rules.

(二)一方通知天猫国际通过司法途径解决争议的,应当在通知天猫国际后的7个工作日内向天猫国际提供司法机关的案件受理凭证。逾期未提供案件受理凭证,或司法机关在受理案件后的六个月内未对交易款项做出冻结、划拨等处理的,天猫国际有权根据本规范处理争议。

Where a party informs Tmall Global that the dispute will be resolved through judicial processes, that party must provide Tmall Global with proof of case acceptance issued by the judicial authority within seven (7) days. In case of failure to provide proof of case acceptance within the deadline, or the judicial authority does not order the transaction funds to be frozen or transferred etc. within six (6) months of accepting the case, Tmall Global has the right to handle such dispute in accordance with these Rules.

第四节 执行

Section 4 Enforcement

第四十四条 天猫国际处理争议期间,买卖双方达成退款协议,但无法自行操作的,天猫国际将根据双方达成的退款协议,直接操作相应的交易款项和(或)保证金。

Article 44 During Tmall Global’s handling of trade disputes, if a Buyer and

Seller reaches an agreement to refund but cannot process the refund themselves, Tmall Global will directly process the relevant transaction funds and(or) security deposit in accordance with the refund agreement reached by the parties.

第四十五条 天猫国际对争议做出处理后,有权通知支付宝公司按照处理结果将交易款项的全部或部分支付给买家和(或)卖家,或由卖家(或买家)按照处理结果将相关款项支付给买家(或卖家)。

Article 45 After Tmall Global has resolved a trade dispute, it has the right to instruct Alipay to process full or partial payment of the transaction funds to the Buyer and (or) Seller in accordance with its determination, or to instruct the Seller (or Buyer) to make relevant payment to the Buyer (or Seller) according to its determination.

第四十六条 在将交易款项全部支付给买家后,根据争议处理结果仍需卖家承担责任的,天猫国际有权,自卖家根据《天猫国际服务条款规则》缴纳的保证金或其他款项中划拨相应的钱款补偿支付给买家。

Article 46 After transaction funds have been fully paid to a Buyer, if the Seller is still liable according to the determination, Tmall Global has the right to transfer a corresponding amount from the security deposit or other funds provided by the Seller under the “Tmall Global Service Terms” to the Buyer as compensation.

交易款项或保证金支付后,根据处理结果仍需卖家(或买家)承担责任的,由买卖双方自行协商或通过其他途径解决,天猫国际不予处理。

Tmall Global will not handle trade disputes if according to the determination a Seller (or Buyer) is still liable after payment of transaction funds or security deposit, the Buyer and Seller must separately negotiate a settlement or resolve such dispute through other channels.

第四十七条 处理争议期间,天猫国际使用自有资金代替卖家先行退款给买家(亦称“先行垫付”)的,交易做出处理后,天猫国际有权将保证金与先行垫付金额相当的部分划扣至天猫国际账户。

Article 47 During dispute resolution, if Tmall Global uses its own funds to compensate the Buyer on behalf of the Seller (also referred to as an “advance payment”), Tmall Global has the right to, after the transaction has been settled, transfer the amount equivalent to the amount of the advance payment from the security deposit to Tmall Global’s account.

第五节 其他救济方式

Chapter 5 Other Recourses

第四十 天猫国际对争议做出处理并通知支付宝公司支付争议款项后,买家或(和)卖家对天猫国际的处理有异议的,您必须在天猫国际处理后的20日内将争议诉诸国际仲裁中心HKIAC进行仲裁。

Article 48 After Tmall Global has made a determination and instructed Alipay to pay the funds in dispute, if the Buyer and(or) Seller objects to Tmall Global’s

determination, it must submit the dispute to the International Arbitration Centre for arbitration within twenty (20) days of Tmall Global’s determination.

第四十九条 争议通过司法途径解决的,天猫国际将根据司法机关的生效法律文书,通知支付宝公司操作相应的交易款项和相关保证金。

Article 49 Where a trade dispute is resolved by judicial processes, Tmall Global will instruct Alipay to process the corresponding transaction funds and security deposit in accordance with the effective legal instrument issued by judicial authorities.

第六章 出境购交易纠纷处理规则

Chapter 6 Rules for Handling Trade Disputes concerning Outbound Purchase

第五十条 出境购定义:在天猫国际平台下单,通过电子凭证方式到境外店铺取货的交易。

Article 50 Outbound Purchase: refers to a transaction placed at the Tmall Global platform where the good is collected at an overseas store by electronic receipt.

第五十一条 出境购售中争议处理系指电子凭证核销前产生的交易纠纷;售后系指电子凭证核销后产生的交易纠纷。

Article 51 Dispute Resolution of Outbound Purchases during sale: refers to a trade dispute that arises before confirmation of the transaction via electronic receipt; Dispute Resolution of Outbound Purchases after sale: refers to a trade dispute that arises after confirmation of the transaction via electronic receipt.

第五十二条 若购买的为免税商品,实际到店取货人信息与购买时所填写的取货人信息不符导致无法取货的,商家不承担责任。

Article 52 For purchased goods that are tax-free, the Merchant will not be liable for goods that cannot be collected because a recipient’s details provided in the order are different to those of the recipient collecting the goods.

第五十三条 若消费者购买的免税商品,因入境地法律法规无法入境的,商家已在消费者购买时进行详细说明或提醒的,商家不承担责任。

Article 53 If purchased goods are tax-free cannot be delivered due to the destination country’s laws and regulations, and the Merchant will not be liable if it has provided detailed explanation or reminders to its customers during the purchase process.

第七章 附则

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第五十四条 天猫国际对争议做出处理后,不免除买卖双方基于与天猫国际签署的其他协议、规则应当承担的责任。

Article Tmall Global’s issuance of a determination does not exempt a Buyer or Seller’s obligations under other agreements and rules entered with Tmall Global.

第五十五条 天猫国际定期或不定期的官方活动规则,对买卖双方争议处理有特殊要求的,按照活动规则的特殊要求进行处理。

Article 55 Where there are special requirements for the dispute resolution between a Buyer and Seller in the rules of any Tmall Global scheduled or unscheduled official activities, such trade disputes will be handled in accordance with the special requirements laid down in such activities’ rules.

第五十六条 本规范生效或变更前天猫国际已介入处理的争议,适用当时的规范进行处理;本规范生效或变更后天猫国际介入处理的争议,适用本规范或变更后的规范进行处理。

Article 56 Where Tmall Global has already intervened in a trade dispute before these Rules are effective or modified, the then current rules will be applicable. Where Tmall Global intervenes in a dispute after these Rules are effective or modified, these Rules or the modified rules will be applicable.

如中英文版本间存在任何歧义的,以中文版为准。

IN CASE OF ANY INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN THE TWO LANGUAGE VERSIONS, THE CHINESE VERSION SHALL PREVAIL.

主要挖掘多元矛盾化解中三个层面的问题:

(1)层面:是否缺乏跨境电商消费者权益保护的顶层设计,怎样调动行业和企业在跨境电商保护消费者的积极性,如何在《消费者权益保》的框架下完善跨境交易的法律保护,如何细化并实施联合国《关于网上争议解决的技术指引》。

(2)行业层面:从行业层面提出跨境电商消费者保护标准、规范跨境电商新型营销方式(如直播带货)的行为、在跨境电子商务中抑制不正当竞争和垄断、提出对跨境电商消费者权益保护的基本思路。

(3)企业层面:解决消费者权益保护与跨境电商企业发展的矛盾、解决跨境诚信经营问题、协调企业与国内外消费者的矛盾、提炼跨境电商消费者权益保护争议解决的有效方法。

为了提高人民防空工程(以下简称人防工程)的施工水平,降低工程造价,保证工程质量,制定本规范。

1.0.2 本规范适用于新建、扩建和改建的各类人防工程的施工及验收。

1.0.3 人防工程施工前,应具备下列文件:

1 工程地质勘察报告,

2 经过批准的施工图设计文件;

3 施工区域内原有地下管线、地下构筑物的图纸资料;

4 经过批准的施工组织设计或施工方案;

5 必要的试验资料。

1.0.4 工程施工应符合设计要求。所使用的材料、构件和设备,应具有出厂合格证并符合产品质量标准;当无合格证时,应进行检验,符合质量要求方可使用。

1.0.5 当工程施工影响邻近建筑物、构筑物或管线等的使用和安全时,应采取有效措施进行处理。

1.0.6 工程施工中应对隐蔽工程作记录,并应进行中间或分项检验,合格后方可进行下一工序的施工。

1.0.7 设备安装工程应与土建工程紧密配合,土建主体工程结束并检验合格后,方可进行设备安装。

1.0.8 工程施工质量验收时,应提供下列文件和记录;

1 图纸会审、设计变更、洽商记录;

2 原材料质量合格证书及检(试)验报告;

3 工程施工记录;

4 隐蔽工程验收记录;

5 混凝土试件及管道、设备系统试验报告;

6 分项、分部工程质量验收记录;

7 竣工图以及其他有关文件和记录。

1.0.9 人防工程施工及验收,除应遵守本规范外,尚应符合国家现行有关标准规范的规定。

1.0.10 人防工程施工时的安全技术、环境保护、防火措施等,必须符合有关的专门规定。

2 术 语

2.0.1 人民防空工程 civil air defence works

为保障人民防空指挥、通信、掩蔽等需要而建造的防护建筑。人民防空工程分为单建掘开式工程、坑道工程、地道工程和防空地下室。

2.0.2 单建掘开式工程 cut-and-cover works

单独建设的采用明挖法施工,且大部分结构处于原地表以下的工程。

2.0.3 坑道工程 undermined works with low exit

大部分主体地坪高于最低出入口地面的暗挖工程。

2.0.4 地道工程 undermined works without low exit

大部分主体地坪低于最低出入口地面的暗挖工程。

2.0.5 防空地下室 civil air defence basement

为保障人民防空指挥、通信、掩蔽等需要,具有预定防护功能的地下室。

2.0.6 明挖 open-cut

地下工程地基上方全部岩、土层被扰动的开挖。采用明挖的地下工程施工方法称明挖法。

2.0.7 暗挖 undermine

不扰动地下工程上部岩土层的开挖。采用暗挖的地下工程施工方法称暗挖法。

2.0.8 防护门 blast door

能阻挡冲击波但不能阻挡毒剂通过的门。

2.0.9 防护密闭门 blast airtight door

既能阻挡冲击波又能阻挡毒剂通过的门。

2.0.10 密闭门 airtight door

能阻挡毒剂通过但不能阻挡冲击波通过的门。

2.0.11 门框墙 door-frame wall

在门孔四周保障门扇就位并承受门扇传采的荷载的墙。

2.0.12 防爆波活门 blast valve

简称活门。装于通风口或排烟口处,在冲击波到来时能迅速自动关闭的防冲击波设备。

2.0.13 密闭阀门 airtight valve

保障通风系统密闭的阀门。包括手动式和手、电动两用式密闭阀门。

2.0.14 自动排气活门 automatic exhaust valve

靠阀门两侧空气压差作用自动启闭的具有抗冲击波余压功能的排风活门。能直接抗冲击波的称防爆超压排气活门。

2.0.15 防爆防毒化粪池 blastproof and gasproof septictank

能阻止冲击波和毒剂等由排水管道进人工程内部的化粪池。

2.0.16 水封井 trapped well

用静止水柱阻止毒剂进入工程内部的设施。

2.0.17 防护密闭隔墙 protective airtight partiton wall

既能抗御核爆冲击波和气浪作用,又能阻止毒剂通过的隔墙。

2.0.18 密闭隔墙 airtight partition wall

主要用于阻止毒剂通过的隔墙。

2.0.19 防冲击波闸门 defence shock wave gate

防止冲击波由管道进人工程内部的闸门。

3坑道、地道掘进

3.1 一般规定

3.1.1 本章适用于岩体中坑道、地道的掘进施工及验收。

3.1.2 穿越建筑物、构筑物、街道、铁路等的坑道、地道掘进时,应采取连续作业和可靠的安全措施。

3.1.3 坑道、地道的轴线方向、高程、纵坡和口部位置均应符合设计要求。

3.1.4 通过松软破碎地带的大断面坑道、地道,宜采用导洞超前掘进的施工方法。导洞超前长度应根据地质情况、导洞的布置和通风条件等因素经综合技术经济比较后确定。

3.1.5 坑道、地道掘进时,应采取湿式钻孔、洒水装碴和加强通风等综合防尘措施。

3.2 施工测量

3.2.1 施工中应对轴线方向、高程和距离进行复测。复测应符合下列规定;

1 复测轴线方向,每个测点应进行两个以上测回;

2 复测高程时,水准测量的前后视距宜相等,水准尺的读数应精确到毫米;

3 复测两标准桩之间轴线长度时,应采用钢尺测量,其偏差不应超过0.2‰。

3.2.2 口部测量应符合下列规定:

1 应根据口部中心桩测设底部起挖桩和上部起挖桩,在明显和便于保护的地点设置水准点,并应设高程标志,

2 在距底部起挖桩和上部起挖桩3m以外,宜各设一对控制中心桩:

3 在洞口掘进5m以后,宜在洞口底部埋设标桩。

3.2.3 坑道、地道掘进必须标设中线和腰线,并应符合下列规定:

1 宜采用经纬仪标设坑道、地道的方向。当采用经纬仪标设方向时,宜每隔30m设一组中线,每组不少于3条,其间距不小于2m;

2 宜采用水准仪标设坑道、地道的坡度。当采用水准仪标设坡度时,宜每隔20m设3对腰线点,其间距不小于2m;

3 坑道、地道掘进时,应每隔l00m对中线和腰线进行一次校核。

3.3 工程掘进

3.3.1 坑道、地道掘进应采用光面爆破。光面爆破的爆破参数,可按下列规定采用;

1 炮孔深度为1.8~3.5m,

2 周边炮孔间距为350~600mm;

3 周边炮孔密集系数为0.5~1.0;

4 周边炮孔药卷直径为20~25mm;

5 当采用2号岩石硝铵炸药时,周边炮孔单位长度装药量:软岩为70~120g/m,中硬岩为200~300g/m;硬岩为300~350g/m。

3.3.2 当掘进对穿、斜交、正交坑道、地道时,必须有准确的实测图。当两个作业面相距小于或等于15m时,应停止一面作业。

3.3.3 钻孔作业应符合下列规定:

1 钻孔前应将作业面清出实底;

2 必须采用湿式钻孔法钻孔,其水压不得小于0.3MPa,风压不得小子0.5MPa;

3 严禁沿残留炮孔钻进。

3.3.4 严禁采用不符合产品标准的爆破器材;在有地下水的地段,所用爆破器材应符合防水要求。

3.3.5 坑道、地道掘进宜采用火花起爆或电力起焊。当采用火花起焊时,每卷导火索在使用前均应将两端各切去50mm,并从一端取1m作燃速试验;导火索的长度应根据点火人员在点燃全部导火索后能隐蔽到安全地点所需的时间确定,但不得小于1.2m。当采用电力起爆时,电雷管使用荫,应进行导电性能检验,输出电施不应大于50mA.;在同一爆破网路内,当电阻小于1.2Ω时,雷管的电阻差不应大于0.2Ω;当电阻为1.2—

2Ω时,电阻差不应大0.3Ω;电爆母线和连接线必须采用绝缘导线。

3.3.6 当施工现场的杂散电流值大于30mA时,不应采用电力起爆。当受条件需采用电力起爆时,应采取下列防杂散电流的措施:

1 检查电气设备的接地质量;

2 爆破导线不得有破损和裸露接头;

3 应采用紫铜桥丝低电阻雷管或无桥丝电雷管,并应采用高能发爆器引爆。

3.3.7 运输轨道的铺设,应符合下列规定:

1 钢轨型号:人力推斗车不宜小于8kg/m,机车牵引不应小于15kg/m;

2 线路坡度;人力推斗车不宜超过15‰,机车牵引不宜超过25‰,洞外卸碴线尽端应设有5‰~10‰的上坡段;

3 轨道的宽度允许偏差应为+6mm、-4mm,轨顶标高偏差应小于2mm,轨道接头处轨顶水平偏差应小于3mm;

4 曲线段轨距加宽值及外轨超高值应符合表3.3.7的规定;

5 采用机车牵引时,曲线段两钢轨之间应加拉杆。

表3.3.7 曲线段轨距加宽值及外轨超高值

3.3.8 坑道内采用汽车运输时,车行道的坡度不宜大于12%,单车道净宽不得小于车宽加2m;双车道净宽不得小于2倍车宽加2.5m。

3.3.9 车辆运行速度和前后车距离,应符合下列规定:

1 机车牵引列车,在洞内车速应小于2.5m/s,在洞外车速应小于3.5m/s,前后列车距离应大于60m;

2 人力推斗车车速应小于1.7m/s,前后车距离应大于20m;

3 人力手推车车速应小于1m/s,前后车距离应大于7m;

4 自卸汽车在洞内行车速度应小于10km/h。

3.3.10 斗车和手推车均应有可靠的刹车装置,严禁溜放跑车。

3.3.11 掘进工作面需要风量的计算,应符合下列规定:

1 放炮后15min内能把工作面的炮烟排出;

2 按掘进工作面同时工作的最多人数计算,每人每分钟的新鲜空气量不应少子4m3;

3 风流速度不得小子0.15m/s;

4 当采用混合式通风时,压入式扇风机必须在炮烟全部排出后方可停止运转。

3.3.12 掘进工作面的通风,应符合下列规定:

1 当采用混合式通风时,压入式扇风机的出风口与抽出式扇风机的入风口的距离不得小于15m;

2 当采用风筒接力通风时,扇风机间的距离,应根据扇风机特性曲线和风筒阻力确定;接力通风的风筒直径不得小于400mm;每节风筒直径应一致,在扇风机吸入口一端应设置长度不小于10m的硬质风筒;

3 压入式扇风机和启动装置,必须安装在进风通道中。与回风口的距离不得小子10m;

4 扇风机与工作面的电气设备,应采用风、电闭锁装置。

3.4 临时支护

3.4.1 喷射混凝土支护,应符合下列规定:

1 喷射混凝土的原材料:

1) 应选用普通硅酸盐水泥,其标号不得低于32.5级,受潮或过期结块的水泥严禁使用,

2) 应采用坚硬干净的中砂或粗砂,细度模数应大于2.5,含水率不宜大于7%;

3) 应采用坚硬耐久的卵石或碎石,其粒径不宜大于15mm;

4) 不得使用含有酸、碱或油的水。

2 混合料的配比应准确。称量的允许偏差:水泥和速凝剂应为±2%,砂、石应为±3%。

3 混合料应采用机械搅拌。强制式搅拌机的搅拌时间不宜少于1min,自落式搅拌机的搅拌时间不宜少于2min。

4 混合料应随拌随用,不掺速凝剂时存放时间不应超过2h,掺速凝剂时存放时间不应超过20min。

5 喷射前应清洗岩面。喷射作业中应严格控制水灰比:喷砂浆应为0.45~0.55,喷混凝土应为0.4~0.45。混凝土的表面应平整、湿润光泽、无干斑或流淌现象。终凝2h后应喷水养护。

6 速凝剂的掺量应通过试验确定。混凝土的初凝时间不应超过5min,终凝时间不应超过10min。

7 当混凝土采取分层喷射时,第一层喷射厚度:墙50~100mm,拱30~60mm;下一层的喷射应在前一层混凝土终凝后进行,当间隔时间超过2h,应先喷水湿润混凝土表面。

8 喷射混凝土的回弹率,墙不应大于15%,拱不应大于25%。

3.4.2 锚杆支护应符合下列规定:

1 锚杆的孔深和孔径应与锚杆类型、长度、直径相匹配;

2 孔内的积水及岩粉应吹洗干净;

3 锚杆的杆体使用前应平直、除锈、除油;

4 锚杆尾端的托板应紧贴壁面,未接触部位必须楔紧,锚杆体露出岩面的长度不应大于喷射混凝土的厚度;

5 锚杆必须做抗拔力试验,其检验评定方法应符合国家现行标准《锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范》的规定。

3.4.3 钢筋网喷射混凝土支护应符合下列规定:

1 钢筋使用前应清除污锈;

2 钢筋网与岩面的间隙不应小于30mm,钢筋保护层厚度不应小于25mm;

3 钢筋网应与锚杆或其他锚定装置联结牢固;

4 当采用双层钢筋网时,第二层钢筋网应在第一层钢筋网被混凝土覆盖后铺设。

3.4.4 钢纤维喷射混凝土支护应符合下列规定:

1 钢纤维的长度宜一致,并不得含有其他杂物;

2 钢纤维不得有明显的锈蚀和油渍;

3 混凝土粗骨料的粒径不宜大于lOmm;

4 钢纤维掺量应为混合料重量的3%~6%;应搅拌均匀,不得成团。

3.5 工程验收

3.5.1 坑道、地道掘进允许偏差应符合表3.5.1的规定。

表3.5.1 坑道、地道掘进允许偏差

1. v备份

1.1离线备份(必须在数据库所在PC机进行操作)

STEP 1 连接到要备份的数据库 (数据库名:ncc)

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 connect to ncc user nccwykpi using nccwykpi

STEP 2 显示数据库应用状态

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 list applications

STEP 3 停掉数据库应用

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 force applications all

注意:由于该命令是异步的,所以在进行备份的时候会出现以下错误信息。此时可以再次执行db2 force applications all 命令。

STEP 4 对数据库进行离线状态下的备份

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 backup database ncc to d:\\db2\\backup

注意:指定的备份文件的输出目录必须是已创建的,否则会报错。

STEP 5 查看备份历史记录

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 list history backup all for ncc

1.2在线备份

注意:如果要做在线的备份,要对两个参数作修改:USEREXIT和LOGRETAIN,将其修改为on,默认是off的,默认使用日志模式,修改完参数后,可以变为归档日志模式,启用了userexit做数据库日志的归档。

STEP 1 查看数据库当前的属性

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 get db cfg

STEP 2 设置userexit、logretain参数的状态为on

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 update db cfg for ncc using userexit on

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 update db cfg for ncc using logretain on

注意:修改配置参数必须是数据库管理员,并且必须停掉全部应用后更改才会生效。

STEP 3 连接需要备份的数据库(注意)

注意:此时由于数据库处于backup pending状态,所以必须做一次离线的全备才可以进行数据库连接。

STEP 4 对数据库进行在线状态下的备份

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 backup database ncc online to d:\\db2\\backup

1.3增量备份

注意:必须要修改trackmod为on状态,并有一次完全备份。

STEP 1 修改trackmod参数为on状态

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 update db cfg for ncc using trackmod yes

STEP 2 停掉数据库应用

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 force applications all

STEP 3 对数据库进行增量备份

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 backup database ncc online increment

al delta to d:\\db2\\backup

注意:在进行增量备份之前需要做一次离线的全备。否则是backup pending状态的。

如若此时并未执行一次离线的全备那么会出现下面的错误。

故:

2. 恢复

2.1恢复完全备份

STEP 1 查看备份历史记录

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 list history backup all for ncc

STEP 2 停掉数据库应用

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 force applications all

STEP 3 恢复某个时间点的数据

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 restore database ncc from d:\\db2\\backup taken at 20120206094204

STEP 4 回滚到日志结束(可不执行,即不恢复日志)

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 rollforward database ncc to end of logs and stop

2.2恢复增量备份

STEP 1 连接数据库

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 connect to ncc user nccwykpi using nccwykpi

STEP 2 显示数据库应用状态

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 list applications

STEP 3 停掉数据库应用

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 force applications all

STEP 4 恢复增量备份

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 restore database ncc incremental automatic from d:\\db2\\backup taken at 20120206133457

STEP 5 回滚到日志结束(可不执行,即不恢复日志)

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2 rollforward database ncc to end of logs and stop

3. 检查备份完整性

当备份完成后,使用db2ckbkp命令不仅可以用来检查DB2数据库备份文件的完整性,而且还可以用来查询DB2数据库备份文件的元数据。同时可以使用db2ckbkp –h<备份文件>来检查DB2数据库备份的类型。

3.1使用db2ckbkp –h<备份文件>命令来查看DB2数据库备份的类型

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>db2ckbkp -h

d:\\db2\\backup\\NCC.0.DB2.NODE0000.CATN0000.20120206133232.001

注意:我们可以通过上述输出中的

来确定备份的类型。三个关键字的说明如下:

incremental和delta的说明如下:

3.2回滚日志

当回滚日志找不到日志文件而出错时,数据库处于roll-forward pending状态,此时不能连接或激活数据库。解决方案如下:

3.3数据库恢复

如果一个数据库启用了归档日志记录,那么当该数据库被恢复时,它将自动被置于rollforward pending状态。可以使用如下命令告诉DB2不要将该数据库置于rollforward pending状态。

C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>restore database ncc from d:\\db2\\backup taken at 20120206151346 without rolling forward

如果数据库启用了归档日志记录,处于rollforward pending状态,此时连接数据库将会提示

此时可使用如下命令使数据库状态恢复正常

此时再执行连接数据库即可连接成功。

锅底制作程序:

烹前工作:

将鲜活牛蛙宰杀,治净,去头、爪,斩成块,加适量精盐、料酒、蛋清淀粉浆拌匀,码味10分钟。青皮黄瓜去皮,去瓤,切成块,洗净。独蒜煮至熟软,用清水浸漂。

锅底制作:

锅置中火上,加火锅油,加热至三成油温,下牛蛙,炒至吐油,放人姜片、葱段、底料,炒至上色入味,加精盐、独蒜、胡椒粉、、米酒汁,下黄瓜至成熟入味时加鸡精、味精,

起锅入盆,撒上香菜,锅底即制成。

食用方法:

锅底置炉具上,不点火即可食用。待锅内食物食完后,掺入鲜汤,点火,味碟入桌,烫食原料围在锅的四周,汤卤烧沸后即可涮烫,熟后蘸碟而食。

技术要点:

1、泡椒须保持形态完整。

2、牛蛙须炒至吐油,下黄瓜后不宜久炒,以牛蛙、黄瓜刚成熟为度。

锅底配方:

主料:

鲜活牛蛙750克,青皮黄瓜100克。

调助料:

葱段35克,姜片10克,独蒜50克,精盐5克,胡椒粉1克,米酒汁30克,料酒50克,蛋清淀粉浆30克,底料全部,香菜段3克,鸡精2克,味精1克,猪骨鲜汤1000克,火锅油750克。

底料配方:

主料:

子弹头泡椒400克。

辅助调味原料:

郫县豆瓣50克,泡子姜片150克,姜片20克,蒜米10克,白豆蔻6克,冰糖10克,豆豉5克,熟菜油200克,猪化油200克。

香料配比:

八角5克,桂皮6克,砂仁5克,香叶2克。

底料制作程序:

烹前工作:

子弹头泡椒去蒂、籽,洗净。郫县豆瓣剁成粗块。所有香料粉碎成香料粉。冰糖敲成蚕豆大小。白豆蔻拍破,洗净。

底料烹制:

锅置中火上,加猪化油、熟菜油,加热至三成油温,下白豆蔻用微火炸酥,放入子弹头泡椒、泡子姜片、郫县豆瓣、姜片、蒜米、豆豉、冰糖,炒至泡椒、泡姜水分快干、豆瓣酥香时下香料粉,炒香起锅,底料即制成。

火锅油配方:

火锅油是用干辣椒、花椒、香料与其他原料精心调制而成。它在火锅中不仅具有浓稠火锅卤汁,保持汤卤温度,滋润烫食原料作用,而且还具有增强汤卤色泽,增浓汤卤香味、麻味、辣味的作用。

特点:

香气浓郁,色泽红亮,麻辣味浓,浓稠光亮。

原料组成配方:

主要调味原料:

干辣椒节3000克,干花椒1000克。

辅助调味原料:

郫县豆瓣2000克葱段1000克,姜片150克,蒜颗150克,八角200克,桂皮100克,山奈150克,草果50克,白豆蔻25克,砂仁30克,肉豆蔻15克,丁香5克,白芷10克,小茴香20克,香叶30克,灵草15克,排草10克,冰糖50克,米酒汁100克,熟菜油25千克,牛化油5千克,猪化油20千克。

制作程序:

1、烹前工作:将干辣椒节入清水锅中煮至变软后捞出,用清水冲洗,沥净水,加工成

茸,即成糍粑辣椒。干花椒入锅中用微火焙至酥脆。八角、桂皮掰成小块,草果、白豆蔻、砂仁、肉豆蔻拍破,白芷、香叶、灵草、排草切碎。冰糖敲成黄豆大小。牛化油切成小块。所有香料用清水分别冲洗,沥净水。

2、火锅油制作:将牛化油放入汤桶内,置中火上炼至香气四溢时加熟菜油、猪化油烧至三成油温,放入葱段、姜片、蒜颗炸香,下郫县豆瓣、糍粑辣椒、冰糖、花椒,小火炒至香气四溢,水分快干、辣椒微微发白时,放入白豆蔻、草果、砂仁、肉豆蔻、八角、桂皮、山奈、丁香、白芷、小茴香、香叶、灵草、排草,炒至豆瓣酥香时,烹入米酒,小火炒至米酒水分完全蒸发时,汤桶移离火口,凉后加盖,12小时后,滤去料渣,即得火锅油。

适用范围:

红味即麻辣味火锅。

技术揭秘:

1、下葱段、姜片、蒜颗、郫县豆瓣、糍粑辣椒、香料等原料入汤桶中时,应慢慢下,以防溢锅。

2、炒制时,应用铁铲不停铲动,以防粘锅。

3、制作以鸡、鸭、鱼等鲜味足的原料为主料的风味火锅时,一宜少用或不用牛化油,改用熟菜油、豆油或猪化油。

4、制作全牛油火锅时,油脂全用牛化油。制作纯清油火锅时,油脂全用熟菜油。

猪骨鲜汤:

特点:

色泽乳白,汤稠味鲜。

原料组成配方(以制作直径为50厘米,高度为50厘米的汤桶一桶为例):

主料:

猪棒骨15千克。

辅料:

老母鸡1500克,老母鸭2000克,猪肘2000克,猪肚1000克。

调助料:

老姜300克,大葱500克,白胡椒3克,料酒500克。

制作程序:

1、烹前工作:将鸡、鸭宰杀后剖腹,治净。猪肘、猪肚刮洗至净。猪棒骨洗净,敲破。将猪棒骨、老母鸡、肥鸭、猪肘、猪肚入沸水锅中汆一水,取出用清水冲洗,沥净水。老姜拍破,大葱挽结。

2、鲜汤熬制:将猪棒骨、老母鸡、老母鸭、猪肘、猪肚、老姜、大葱、白胡椒、料酒入汤桶中,注入清水,旺火烧沸,撇净浮沫,用中火熬至汤色乳白、鲜香味浓时即可。

适用范围:

多用于制作白味、鸡、鸭、鱼等火锅,以及不喜食牛肉味食客使用的火锅。

技术揭秘:

清水须一次性加够,中途不加水。水不宜掺得太满,以免沸后溢锅。需旺火或中火熬制,小火熬制汤色不白。

特荐烫食原料(5人食用):

草鱼片150克,鸡胗150克,鲜鹅肠150克,毛肚150克,猪腰片150克,肉丸子150克,金针菇150克,豆腐200克,青笋200克,白菜心150克,空心菜150克,黄豆芽100克。

特荐味碟:

香油蒜泥味碟5份。

香油蒜泥味碟特点:

咸鲜味醇,蒜香浓郁熟。

原料组成配方(以5份为例):

主要调味原料:

大蒜20克。

辅助调味原料:

精盐2克,味精3克,熟芝麻5克,香油350克。

制作程序:

1、烹前工作:大蒜去蒂、去皮、去斑点,洗净,晾干表皮水分,入砂钵中捣成泥状。

2、味碟调制:蒜泥均匀入5个专用碟中,调入精盐、味精,舀入香油,撒上熟芝麻即可。

适用范围:

麻辣火锅、全牛油火锅、鸳鸯火锅等。

技术揭秘:

3.5.2 毛洞局部超挖不得大于150mm,且其累计面积不得大于毛洞总面积的15%。

3.5.3 毛洞中心线局部偏移不得超过200mm,且其累计长度不得大于毛洞全长的15%。

3.5.4 毛洞坡度局部偏差不得超过20%,且其累计长度不得大于毛洞全长的20%。

4 不良地质地段施工

4.重 一般规定

4.1.1 当坑道、地道掘进后围岩自稳时间不能满足支护要求时,宜采用先加固后掘进的方法。

4.1.2 工程通过不良地质地段,应符合下列规定:

1 宜采用风镐等机械挖掘;

2 当采用爆破掘进时,应打浅眼、放小炮,并应控制掘进进尺和炮孔装药量;

3 应采用新奥法,边掘进,边量测,边衬砌;

4 当不采用全断面掘进时,掘进后应立即进行临时支护,并应根据支护状况和量测结果,再进行全断面掘进和永久衬砌;

5 当工程上方有建筑物、构筑物时,在掘进过程中应测量围岩的位移、地面的沉降量和锚杆、喷层等的受力状况。

4.2 超前锚杆支护

4.2.1 在未扰动而破碎的岩层、结构面裂隙发育的块状岩层或松散渗水的岩层中掘进坑道、地道,宜采用超前锚杆支护。

4.2.2 超前锚杆宜采用有钢支撑的超前锚杆或悬吊式超前锚杆。

锚杆的尾部支撑必须坚固(见图4.2.2—1、图4.2.2—2)。

4.2.3 锚杆与毛洞轴线的夹角应根据地质条件确定,并应符合下列规定:

1 在未扰动而破碎的岩层中,宜采用全长固结砂浆锚杆,其与毛洞轴线夹角宜为12°~20°;

2 在结构面裂隙发育的块状岩层中,宜采用全长固结砂浆锚杆,其与毛洞轴线夹角宜为35°~50°;

3 在松散渗水的岩层中,宜采用素锚杆,其与毛洞轴线夹角宜为6°~15°。

图4.2.2.1 有钢支撑的超前锚杆

1一锚杆;2一钢支撑

a-锚杆间距,b-钢支撑间距,α-锚杆倾角

图4.2.2—2 悬吊式超前锚杆

1一超前锚杆,2一径向锚杆,3一横向连接短筋

a-超前锚杆间距,b-爆破进尺,α-锚杆倾角

4.2.4 锚杆的长度可按下式确定(图4.2.4):

L=a+b+c (4.2.4)

式中 L——锚杆长度(mm);

a——锚杆尾度,宜为200mm;

b——开挖进尺(mm);

C——在围岩中的锚杆前端长度,不宜小于700mm。

图4.2.4 超前锚杆长度

4.2.5 锚杆间距应根据围岩状况确定。当采用单层锚杆时,宜为200~400mm;当采用双层或多层锚杆时,宜为400~600mm。

4.2.6 上、下层锚杆应错开布置,且层间距不宜大于2m。

4.2.7 锚杆宜采用热轧HRB335级钢筋或热轧钢管。钢筋直径宜为18~22mm,钢管直径宜为32~38mm。

4.3 小导管注浆支护

4.3.1 当在松散破碎、浆液易扩散的岩层中掘进坑道、地道时,宜采用小导管注浆

支护。

4.3.2 小导管宜采用直径为32~38mm、长度为3.5~4.5m的钢管。钢管管壁应钻梅花形布置的小孔,其孔径宜为3~6mm。

钢管管头应削尖(图4.3.2)。

图4.3.2 小导管结构

4.3.3 小导管的安装应符合下列规定:

1 小导管间距应根据围岩状况确定。当采用单层小导管时,其间距宜为200~400mm;当采用双层小导管时,其间距宜为400~600mm。

2 上、下层小导管应错开布置,其排距不宜大于其长度的1/2。

3 小导管外张角度应根据注浆胶结拱的厚度确定,宜为10°~25°。

4.3.4 小导管注浆应符合下列规定:

1 注浆前,应向作业面喷射混凝土,喷层厚度不宜小于50mm。

2 浆液可为水泥浆或水泥砂浆。当采用水泥砂浆时,其配合比宜为1:1~1:3,并应采用早强水泥或掺人早强剂。在岩层中注浆应取偏小值;在松散体中注浆应取偏大值。当浆液扩散困难时,其砂浆配合比可为1:0.5。

3 注浆量和注浆压力应根据试验确定。

4 在特殊地质条件下,可采用加硅酸钠、三乙醇胺等双液注浆。

5 注浆顺序应由拱脚向拱顶逐管注浆。

4.3.5 当浆液固结强度达到10N/mm2和拱部开挖后不坍塌时,

方可继续掘进。

4.4 管棚支护

4.4.1 在回填土堆积层、断层破碎带等地层中掘进坑道、地道,宜采用管棚支护。

4.4.2 管棚支护的长度不宜大于40m。

4.4.3 管棚宜采用厚壁钢管。其直径不应小于100mm;长度宜为2~3m。钢管之间的净距宜为400~700mm。

4.4.4 管棚钢管接头材料强度应与钢管强度相等。接头应交错布置。

4.4.5 在岩层中钻孔,钻头直径宜比钢管直径大4mm。

4.4.6 管棚应靠近拱顶布置,管棚钢管与衬砌的距离应小于400mm。

4.4.7 在钻孔过程中,应及时测量钻孔方位。当钻孔钻进深度小于或等于5m时,方位测量不宜少于5次;当钻进深度大于5m时,每钻进2~3m应进行一次方位测量。对每次测量的钻孔方位,其允许偏差不应超过1%。

4.4.8 当钻孔偏斜超过允许偏差时,应在孔内注入水泥砂浆,并待水泥砂浆的强度达到10N/mm2后,方可重新钻孔。

4.4.9 钻孔完毕,并经检查其位置、方向、深度、角度等均符合要求后,方可进行管棚施工。

4.4.10 当钻进过程中易产生塌孔时,宜以钢管代替钻杆,在钢管前端镶焊合金片,并随钻随接钢管。

4.4.11 当要求控制坑道、地道上方的地面下沉时,钢管外的空隙应注浆充填密实。

4.4.12 管棚注浆应符合下列规定:

1 钢管安装完毕,应将管内岩粉冲洗干净,

2 水泥浆的水灰比宜为0.5~1.0;

3 水泥浆注浆压力不应大于0.2MPa;

4 水泥砂浆注浆压力不应小于0.2MPa。

5逆作法施工

5.1 一般规定

5.1.1 当在城市交通中心、商业密集区域构筑人防工程时,可采用逆作法施工。

5.1.2 逆作法施工宜采用先施工顶板,再施工墙(柱),最后施工底板的程序。

5.2 钻 孔

5.2.1 钻机应符合下列规定:

1 钻机应运行平稳,纵、横方向应移动方便,

2 应有自动调整钻杆垂直度的装置和起吊能力,

3 钻头带有螺旋叶片部分的长度,应大于或等于钻孔柱的长度;螺旋叶片的直径应与钻孔柱直径相等。

5.2.2 钻机就位并校正钻杆垂直度后,应一次钻进,中间不得提钻:钻进速度不宜大于26r/min。

5.2.3 提钻速度不宜大于1m/min;严禁反转提钻。

5.2.4 钻头应对准施工放线给定的钻孔中心点,偏差不应超过2mm;在钻孔定位的同时应进行钻杆垂直度的检查与校正。

5.3 灌注混凝土

5.3.1 在混凝土灌注时,不得出现混凝土离析现象。宜采用边灌注混凝土、边振捣、边提升导管的施工方法。

5.3.2 钢筋骨架的吊装就位宜利用钻机的起重设备进行。在钢筋骨架就位前,宜在孔壁周边放置3根距离相等的ф25钢管,作为控制骨架的“导轨”;骨架就位后,混凝土灌注前将“导轨”拔出。

5.3.3 顶板、底板、墙的混凝土浇筑,应符合本规范第6.4节的规定。

5.4 土 模

5.4.1 顶板、梁、拱、无梁顶板柱帽等构件的底模,宜采用土模(土底模)。土底模土层不应扰动;如有扰动,应压实。

5.4.2 土底模施工宜采用机械或人工方法明挖至顶板、梁、拱、无梁顶板柱帽等构件底面标高以上lOcm处后,用铁锹铲平至构件底面标高以下2cm,抹2cm厚M5水泥

砂浆,并做隔离层。

5.4.3 侧墙靠岩土一侧的模板,可采用土外模(侧墙土模)。当采用侧墙土模时,每次挖土进尺宜为4~5m。

5.5 土方暗挖

5.5.1 土方开挖应符合下列规定:

1 宜采用先挖导洞再全面开挖的方法;

2 导洞开挖宽度不宜大于2m;

3 侧墙导洞开挖应与浇筑侧墙混凝土同时进行;

4 挖柱四周土体的尺寸,不得超过柱基础的平面尺寸;

5 侧墙每次开挖进尺不宜超过5m,且较每次浇筑侧墙混凝土长度长1.0—1.5m;

6 应按测量定位线开挖,防止出现超挖或欠挖。

5.5.2 土方运输应符合下列规定:

1 施工竖井应设置人行爬梯,严禁人员乘坐吊盘出入;

2 施工竖井地面、地下均应设置联系信号;

3 在吊盘上必须设置限速器和超高器。

5.6 下 接 柱

5.6.1 当出现下列情况时,可采用下接柱:

1 由于地质条件钻孔不能成孔;

2 遇到建筑物基础等障碍物,无法成孔;

3 由于地面架空线路高度所限,钻机在钻孔位置无法作业;

4 工程柱子数量较少,采用钻机钻孔方法不经济。

5.6.2 下接柱施工可采用以下方法:在浇筑柱帽或梁时,将柱受力筋按钢筋接头所需长度插入土中,在柱帽或梁下面设刹肩,再开挖土方,挖至柱下暴露出插入的接头钢筋。在开挖面上架设基础钢筋和柱主筋,并与插入接头钢筋连接,同时浇筑柱和基础混凝土。

5.6.3 当柱下土方开挖后,应及时加设临时支撑,宜在柱帽四个角部设支撑点。支撑材料的规格、数量,应根据柱高、板跨、结构型式、地面荷载等因素,经计算确定。

5.7 刹 肩

5.7.1 在侧墙及下接柱的肩部、顶板底面下不小于50cm处,应设置刹肩。

5.7.2 刹肩混凝土浇筑应在柱、墙等构件混凝土浇筑7d后进行。浇筑刹肩混凝土

应采用比构件混凝土强度高一个等级的干硬性膨胀混凝土,且必须填塞饱满,振捣密实。

5.7.3 在侧墙刹肩顶部、顶板以下宜设置一个以板厚加下反高度为梁高的通长过梁。通长过梁一端可支撑在未开挖的土体上,另一端支撑在已经浇筑混凝土的侧墙上。

5.8 砂构造层

5.8.1 当灌注柱混凝土时,应在中间层板或基础的位置灌注砂层。在浇筑中间层板或基础时取出砂,再设置钢筋并浇筑混凝土。

5.8.2 灌注砂层应符合下列规定:

1 砂层上标高,应高出预接构件标高10cm,防止混凝土振捣时砂层下沉,保证预接构件尺寸;

2 砂层应潮湿,防止砂层吸收混凝土中水分而影响混凝土质量;

3 在浇筑预接构件混凝土时,应清理钢筋表面,防止出现砂粒附着现象;

4 在预接构件顶部应采用于硬性膨胀混凝土,并振捣密实。

6 钢筋混凝土施工

6.1 一般规定

6.1.1 人防工程施工宜采用商品混凝土。

6.1.2 混凝土各分项工程的施工,应在前一分项工程检查合格后进行。

6.2 模板安装

6.2.1 模板及其支架应符合下列规定:

1 必须具有足够的强度、刚度和稳定性;

2 能可靠地承载新浇筑混凝土的自重和侧压力,以及在施工过程中新产生的荷载;

3 保证工程结构和构件各部分形状、尺寸和相互位置的正确;

4 模板的接缝不应漏浆;

5 临空墙、门框墙的模板安装,其固定模板的对拉螺栓上严禁采用套管、混凝土预制件等。

6.2.2 模板及其支架在安装过程中,必须设置防倾覆的临时固定设施。

6.2.3 现浇钢筋混凝土梁、板,当跨度等于或大于4m时,模板应起拱,当设计无具体要求时,起拱高度宜为全跨长度的1‰~3‰。

6.2.4 模板安装的允许偏差应符合表6.2.4的规定。

表6.2.4 模板安装的允许偏差

6.2.5 模板及其支架拆除时的混凝土强度,应符合设计要求;当设计无具体要求时,应符合下列规定:

1 侧模,在混凝土强度能保证其表面及棱角不因拆除模板而受损坏后,方可拆除;

2 底模,在混凝土强度符合表6.2.5规定后,方可拆除。

表6.2.5 拆模时所需混凝土强度

注:“设计的混凝土强度标准值”系指与设计混凝土等级相应的混凝土立方体抗压强度。

6.2.6 已拆除模板及其支架的结构,在混凝土强度符合设计混凝土强度等级的要求后,方可承受全部使用荷载;当施工荷载所产生的效应比使用荷载的效应更为不利时,必须经过核算,加设临时支撑。

6.3 钢筋制作

6.3.1 钢筋应有出厂质量证明书或试验报告单,钢筋表面和每捆(盘)钢筋均应有标志。进场时应按批号及直径分批检验。检验内容包括查对标志、外观检查,并按现行国家有关标准的规定抽取试样作力学性能试验,合格后方可使用。

钢筋在加工过程中,如发现脆断、焊接性能不良或力学性能显著不正常等现象,尚应对该批钢筋进行化学成分检验或其他专项检验。

6.3.2 钢筋的级别、种类和直径应按设计要求采用。当需要代换时,应征得设计单位的同意,并应符合下列规定:

1 不同种类钢筋的代换,应按钢筋受拉承载力设计值相等的原则进行,可采用下式计算求得:

As1fy1

=As2fy2

(6.3.2)

式中 As1、fy1、

——分别为原设计钢筋的计算截面面积(mm2),强度设计值(N/mm2)、动荷载作用下材料强度综合调整系数;

As2、fy2、

——分别为拟代换钢筋的计算截面面积(mm2)\强度设计值(N/mm2)、动荷载作

用下材料强度综合调整系数。

可按表6.3.2选用。

表6.3.2 材料强度综合调整系数

2 钢筋代换后,应满足设计规定的钢筋间距、锚固长度、最小钢筋直径、根数等要求;

3 对重要受力构件不宜用光面钢筋代换变形(带肋)钢筋;

4 梁的纵向受力钢筋与弯起钢筋应分别进行代换。

6.3.3 钢筋的表面应洁净、无损伤,油渍、漆污和铁锈等应在使用前清除干净。带有颗粒状或片状老锈的钢筋不得使用。钢筋应平直,无局部曲折。

6.3.4 钢筋的弯钩或弯折应符合下列规定:

1 HPB225级钢筋末端需做180°弯钩,其圆弧弯曲直径不应小于钢筋直径的2.5倍,平直部分长度不宜小子钢筋直径的3倍;

2 HRB335级和HRB400级、RRB400级钢筋末端需做90°或135°弯折,HR 335级钢筋的弯曲直径不宜小子钢筋直径的4倍;HRB400级、RRB400级钢筋不宜小于钢筋直径的5倍;平直部分长度应按设计要求确定;

3 弯起钢筋中间部位弯折处的弯曲直径不应小子钢筋直径的5倍。

6.3.5 钢筋加工的允许偏差,应符合表6.3.5的规定。

表6.3.5 钢筋加工的允许偏差

6.3.6 钢筋的焊接接头应符合下列规定:

1 设置在同一构件内的焊接接头应相互错开;

2 在任一焊接接头中心至长度为钢筋直径35倍且不小子500mm的区段内,同一根钢筋不得有2个接头;在该区段内有接头的受力钢筋截面面积占受力钢筋总截面面积的百分率,受拉区不宜超过50%,受压区不限;

3 焊接接头距钢筋弯折处,不应小于钢筋直径的10倍,且不宜位于构件最大弯矩处。

6.3.7 钢筋的绑扎接头应符合下列规定:

1 搭接长度的末端距钢筋弯折处,不得小于钢筋直径的10倍,接头不宜位于构件最大弯矩处;

2 受拉区域内,HPB 235级钢筋绑扎接头的末端应做弯钩,HRB335级和HRB400级、RRB400级钢筋可不做弯钩;

3 直径不大于12mm的受压HPB 2:35级钢筋的末端,以及轴心受压构件中任意直径的受力钢筋的末端,可不做弯钩,但搭接长度不应小子钢筋直径的35倍;

4 钢筋搭接处,应在中心和两端用铁丝扎牢;

5 受拉钢筋绑扎接头的搭接长度,应符合表6.3.7的规定;受压钢筋绑扎接头的搭接长度,应取受拉钢筋绑扎接头搭接长度的0.7倍。

表6.3.7 受拉钢筋绑扎接头的搭接长度

注:1 当HRB335级和HRB400级、RRB400级钢筋直径d大于25mm时,其受拉钢筋的搭按长度应按表中数值增加5d。

2 当螺纹钢筋直径d不大于25mm时,其受拉钢筋的搭接长度应按表中数值减少5d。

3 在任何情况下,纵向受拉钢筋的搭接长度不应小于300mm;受压钢筋的搭接长度不应小于200mm。

4 两根直径不同钢筋的描接长度,以较细钢筋直径计算。

6.3.8 各受力钢筋之间的绑扎接头位置应相互错开。从任一绑扎接头中心至搭接长度的1.3倍区段内,有绑扎接头的受力钢筋截面面积占受力钢筋总截面面积百分率,受拉区不得超过25%;受压区不得超过50%。在绑扎接头区段内,受力钢筋截面面积不得超过受力钢筋总截面面积的50%。

6.3.9 受力钢筋的混凝土保护层厚度应符合设计要求;当设计无具体要求时,在正常环境下,不宜小子25mm;在高湿度环境下,不宜小于45mm。

6.3.10 绑扎或焊接的钢筋网和钢筋骨架,不得有变形、松脱和开焊。钢筋位置的允许偏差应符合表6.3.10的规定。

表6.3.10 钢筋位置的允许偏差

6.4混凝土浇筑

6.4.1 水泥进场必须有出厂合格证或进场试验报告,并应对其品种、标号、包装仓号、出厂日期等检查验收。

当对水泥质量有怀疑或水泥出厂超过3个月(快硬硅酸盐水泥超过重个月)时,应做复查试验,并按试验结果使用。

6.4.2 混凝土中掺用外加剂的质量应符合现行国家标准的要求,外加剂的品种及掺量必须根据对混凝土性能的要求、施工条件、混凝土所采用的原材料和配合比等因素经试验确定。

6.4.3 混凝土的施工配制强度可按下式确定:

fcuo=fcuk+1.5σ (6.4。3—1)

式中 fcuo——混凝土的施工配制强度(N/mm2);

fcuk——设计的混凝土强度标准值(N/mm2);

σ——施工单位的混凝土强度标准差(N/mm2)。

当施工单位不具有近期的同一品种混凝土强度资料时,σ可按表6.4.3取用。

表6.4.3 σ值(N/mm2)

施工单位具有近期同一品种混凝土强度资料时,σ应按下式计算:

(6.4.3—2)

式中 fcui——统计周期内同一品种混凝土第j组试件的强度值(N/mm2);

mfcu——统计周期内同一品种混凝土N组强度的平均值(N/mm2);

N——统计周期内同一品种混凝土试件的总组数,N≥25。

注;1 “同一品种混凝土”系指强度等级相同,且生产工艺和配合比基本相同的混凝土。

2 当混凝土强度等级为C20或C25时,如计算得到的,<2.5N/mm2,取σ=

2.5N/mm2,当混凝土强度等级高于C25时,如计算得到的σ<3.0N/mm2,

取σ=3.0N/mm2。

6.4.4 泵送混凝土的配合比,应符合下列规定:

1 骨料最大粒径与输送管内径之比,碎石不宜大于1:3,卵石不宜大于1:2.5;通过0.315mm筛孔的砂不应小于15%;砂率宜为40%~50%;

2 最小水泥用量宜为300kg/m3;

3 混凝土的坍落度宜为80—180mm;

4 混凝土内宜掺加适量的外加剂。

6.4.5 泵送混凝土施工,应符合下列规定:

1 混凝土的供应,必须保证输送混凝土泵能连续工作;

2 输送管线宜直,转弯宜缓,接头应严密;

3 泵送前应先用适量的与混凝土内成分相同的水泥浆或水泥砂浆润滑输送管内壁;当泵送间歇时间超过45min或混凝土出现离析现象时,应立即用压力水或其他方法冲洗管内残留的混凝土;

4 在泵送过程中,受料斗内应有足够的混凝土,防止吸入空气产生阻塞。

6.4.6 在浇筑混凝土前,对模板内的杂物和钢筋上的油污等应清理干净;对模板的缝隙和孔洞应予堵严;对木模板应浇水湿润,但不得有积水。

6.4.7 混凝土自高处倾落的自由高度,不应超过2m;当浇筑高度超过2m时,应采用串筒、溜管或振动溜管使混凝土下落。

6.4.8 混凝土浇筑层的厚度,当采用插入式振捣器时,应为振捣作用部分长度的1.25倍;当采用表面振动器时,应为200mm。

6.4.9 采用振捣器捣实混凝土,应符合下列规定:

1 每一振点的振捣延续时间,应使混凝土表面呈现浮浆和不再沉落;

2 当采用插入式振捣器时,捣实混凝土的移动间距,不宜大于振捣器作用半径的1.5倍;振捣器与模板的距离,不应大于其作用半径的0.5倍,并应避免碰撞钢筋、模板、预埋件等;振捣器插入下层混凝土内的深度不应小于50mm;

3 当采用表面振动器时,其移动间距应保证振动器的平板能覆盖已振实部分的边缘。

6.4.10 大体积混凝土的浇筑应合理分段分层进行,使混凝土沿高度均匀上升;浇筑应在室外气温较低时进行,混凝土浇筑温度不宜超过28℃。

注:混凝土浇筑温度系指混凝土撮捣后,在混凝土50~100mm深处的温度。

6.4.11 工程口部、防护密闭段、采光井、水库、水封井、防毒井、防爆井等有防护密闭要求的部位,应一次整体浇筑混凝土。

6.4.12 浇筑混凝土时,应按下列规定制作试块:

1 口部、防护密闭段应各制作一组试块;

2 每浇筑lOOm3混凝土应制作一组试块;

3 变更水泥品种或混凝土配合比时,应分别制作试块;

4 防水混凝土应制作抗渗试块。

6.4.13 坑道、地道采用先墙后拱法浇筑混凝土时,应符合下列规定:

1 浇筑侧墙时,两边侧墙应同时分段分层进行;

2 浇筑顶拱时,应从两侧拱脚向上对称进行;

3 超挖部分在浇筑前,应采用毛石回填密实。

6.4.14 采用先拱后墙法浇筑混凝土时,应符合下列规定:

1 浇筑顶拱时,拱架标高应提高20—40mm;拱脚超挖部分应采用强度等级相同的混凝土回填密实;

2 顶拱浇筑后,混凝土达到设计强度的70%及以上方可开挖侧墙;

3 浇筑侧墙时,必须消除拱脚处浮碴和杂物。

6.4.15 后浇缝的施工,应符合下列规定:

1 后浇缝应在受力和变形较小的部位,其宽度可为0.8~1m;

2 后浇缝宜在其两侧混凝土龄期达到42d后施工;

3 施工前,应将接缝处的混凝土凿毛,清除干净,保持湿润,并刷水泥浆;

4 后浇缝应采用补偿收缩混凝土浇筑,其配合比应经试验确定,强度宜高于两侧混凝土一个等级;

5 后浇缝混凝土的养护时间不得少于28d。

6.4.16 施工缝的位置,应符合下列规定:

1 顶板、底板不宣设施工缝,顶拱、底拱不宣设纵向施工缝;

2 侧墙的水平施工缝应设在寓出底板表面不小于500nun的墙体上;当侧墙上有孔洞时,施工缝距孔洞边缘不宜小于300mm;

3 当采用先墙后拱法时,水平施工缝宜设在起拱线以下300—500mm处;当采用先拱后墙法时,水平施工缝可设在起拱线处,但必须采取防水措施;

4 垂直施工缝应避开地下水和裂隙水较多的地段。

6.4.17 对已浇筑完毕的混凝土,应加以覆盖和浇水养护,并应符合下列规定;

1 应在浇筑完毕后lZh内对混凝土加以覆盖和浇水;

2 浇水养护时间,对采用硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥或矿渣硅酸盐水泥拌制的混凝土,不得少于7d;对掺用缓凝型外加剂或有抗渗性要求的混凝土,不得少于14d;

3 浇水次数应能保持混凝土处于润湿状态;

4 养护用水应与拌制用水相同;

5 当日平均气温低于5℃时,不得浇水。

6.4.18 混凝土表面缺陷的修整,应符合下列规定:

1 面积较小且数量不多的蜂窝或露石的混凝土表面,可用1:2—1:2.5的水泥砂浆抹平,在抹砂浆之前,必须用钢丝刷或加压水洗刷基层;

2 较大面积的蜂窝、露石或露筋,应按其全部深度凿去薄弱的混凝土层和个别突出的骨料颗粒,然后用钢丝刷或加压水洗刷表面,再用比原混凝土强度等级提高一级的细骨料混凝土堵塞并捣实。

6.5 工程验收

6.5.1 混凝土应振捣密实。按梁、柱的件数和墙、板、拱有代表性的房间应各抽查10%,且不得少于3处。当每个检查件有蜂窝、孔洞、主筋露筋、缝隙夹渣层时,其蜂窝、孔洞面积、主筋露筋长度和缝隙夹渣层长度、深度,应符合下列规定:

1 梁、柱上任何一处的蜂窝面积不大于1000cm2,累计不大于2000cm2;孔洞面积不大于40cm2,累计不大于80cm2;主筋露筋长度不大于10cm,累计不大于20cm;缝隙夹渣层长度和深度均不大于5cm。

2 墙、板、拱上任何一处的蜂窝面积不大于2000cm2,累计不大于4000cm2;孔洞面积不大于100cm2,累计不大于200cm2;主筋露筋长度不大子20cm,累计不大于40cm;缝隙夹渣层长度不大于20cm,深度不大于5cm,且不多于2处。

6.5.2 现浇混凝土结构的允许偏差应符合表6.5.2的规定。

表6.5.2 现浇混凝土结构的允许偏差

注:H为电梯井筒全高(mm)。

7 顶管施工

7.1 一般规定

7.1.1 在膨胀土层中宜采用钢筋混凝土管顶管施工。施工时严禁采用水力机械开挖。在海水浸蚀或盐碱地区,采用钢管顶管施工时,应采取防腐蚀措施。

7.1.2 当顶管采用钢筋混凝土管时,混凝土强度不得小于30N/mm2。其管端面容许顶力可采用下式计算:

[Rt]=CA/100S (7.1.2)

式中 Rt——管端面容许顶力(kN);

C——管体抗压强度(MPa);

A——加压面积(cm2);

S——安全系数,一般为2.5~3.0。

7.1.3 当顶管采用钢管时,宜采用普通低碳钢管,管壁厚度应符合设计要求;钢管内径圆度应小于5mm,两钢管端平接间隙应小于3mm。

7.1.4 顶管覆土厚度应大于顶管直径的2倍。

7.2 施工准备

7.2.1 顶管工作井可采用钢筋混凝土沉井或由地下连续墙等构筑。

7.2.2 顶管工作井的设置,应符合下列规定:

1 工作井的平面尺寸应满足顶管操作的需要;

2 工作井的后壁必须具有足够的强度和稳定性;

3 当计算总顶推力大于8000kN时,应采用中间接力顶。

7.2.3 顶管的导轨铺设,应符合下列规定:

1 两导轨的轨顶标高应相等;轨顶标高的允许偏差应为+3mm、-2mm,并应预留压缩高度;

2 导轨前端与工作井井壁之间的距离不应小于1m;钢管底面与井底板之间的距离不应小于0.8m。

7.2.4 千斤顶的安装,应符合下列规定:

1 千斤顶应沿顶管圆周对称布置,每对千斤顶的顶力必须相同;

2 千斤顶的顶力中心应位于顶管管底以上、顶管直径高度的1/3~2/5处;

3 千斤顶安装位置的允许偏差不应超过3mm其头部严禁向上倾斜,向下偏差不应超过3mm,水平偏差不应超过2mm

4 每台千斤顶均应有的控制系统。

7.2.5 顶进工具管安放在导轨上后,应测量其前后端的中心偏差和相对高差。

7.2.6 顶铁安装应符合下列规定:

1 顶管顶进时,环形顶铁和弧形顶铁应配合使用;

2 纵向顶铁的中心线应与顶管轴线平行,纵向顶铁应与横向顶铁垂直相接;

3 纵向顶铁着力点应位于顶管管底以上、顶管直径高度1/3~2/5处;

4 顶铁与导轨接触处必须平整光滑,顶铁与顶管端面之间应采用可塑性材料衬垫。

7.2.7 在粉砂土层中顶管时,应采取防止流砂涌人工作井的措施。

7.3 顶管顶进

7.3.1 开顶前,必须对所有顶进设备进行全面检查,并进行试顶,确无故障后方可顶进。

7.3.2 向工作井下管时,严禁冲撞导轨;下管处的下方严禁站人。

7.3.3 工具管出洞时,管头宜高出顶管轴线2~5mm,水平偏差不应超过3mm。

7.3.4 顶进作业应符合下列规定:

1 顶进作业中当油压突然升高时,应立即停止顶进,查明原因并进行处理后,方可继续顶进,

2 千斤顶活塞的伸出长度不得大于允许冲程;在顶进过程中,顶铁两侧不得停留人;

3 当顶进不连续作业时,应保持工具管端部充满土塞,当土塞可能松塌时,应在工具管端部注满压力水;

4 当地表不允许隆起变形时,严禁采用闷顶。

7.3.5 在顶管外有承压地下水或在砂砾层中顶进时,应随时对管外空隙充填触变泥

浆。长距离顶管应设置中继接力环。

7.3.6 顶进过程中,排除障碍物后形成的空隙应填实,位于顶管上部的枯井、洞穴等应进行注浆或回填。

7.3.7 采用水力机械开挖,应符合下列规定:

1 高压泵应设在工作井附近,水出口处的水压应大于1MPa;

2 应在工具管进入土层500mm后进行冲水,严禁高压水冲射工具管刃口以外的土体。

7.3.8 在地下水压差较大的土层中顶进时,应采用管头局部气压法顶进。当在地下水位以下顶进时,地下水位高出机头顶部的距离,应等于或大于机头直径的1/2;当穿越河道顶进时,顶管的覆土厚度不得小于2m。

7.3.9 局部气压法顶进,应符合下列规定:

1 工具管胸板上所有密封装置应符合密闭要求;

2 在气压下冲、吸泥时,气压应小于地下水水压;

3 当吸泥莲蓬头堵塞需要打开胸板清石孔进行处理时,必须将钢管顶进200~300mm,并严禁带气压打开清石孔封板;

4 当顶进正面阻力过大时,可冲去工具管前端格栅外的部分土体。

7.3.10 钢筋混凝土管接头所用的钢套环应焊接牢固;清除焊渣后应进行除锈、防腐、防水处理。

7.3.11 钢管焊接应符合下列规定:

1 钢管对口焊接时,管口偏差不应超过壁厚的10%,且不得大于3mm;

2 在钢管焊接结束后,方可开动千斤顶;

3 钢管底部焊接应在钢管焊口脱离导轨后进行。

7.4 顶进测量与纠偏

7.4.1 顶进过程中,每班均应根据测量结果绘制顶管轴线轨迹图。

7.4.2 顶管正常掘进时,应每隔800~1000mm测量一次。当发现偏差进行校正时,应每隔500mm测量一次,并应及时纠偏。

7.4.3 在纠偏过程中,应勤测量,多微调。每次纠偏角度宜为10°~20°,不得大于1°。

7.4.4 当采用没有螺栓定位器的工具管纠偏时,连续顶进压力应小于35MPa。

7.4.5 当顶管直径大于2m、人土长度小于20m时,可采取调整顶力中心的方法纠偏,并应保持顶进设备稳定。

7.4.6 宜采用测力纠偏或测力自控纠偏。

7.5 工程验收

7.5.1 顶管过程中,对下列各分项工程应进行中间检验:

1 顶管工作井的坐标位置;

2 管段的接头质量;

3 顶管轴线轨迹。

7.5.2 顶管工程竣工验收应提交下列文件:

1 工程竣工图;

2 测量、测试记录;

3 中间检验记录;

4 工程质量试验报告;

5 工程质量事故的处理资料。

7.5.3 顶管的允许偏差应符合表7.5.3的规定。

表7.5.3 顶管的允许偏差

注:σ为管壁厚度;D为顶管直径。

8 盾构施工

8.1 一般规定

8.1.1 本章适用于软土地层中网格式、气压式等中小型盾构施工。

8.1.2 盾构型式的选择应根据土层性质、施工地区的地形、地面建筑及地下管线等情况,经综合技术经济比较后确定。

8.1.3 盾构顶部的最小覆土厚度,应根据地面建筑物、地下管线、工程地质情况及盾构型式等确定,且不宜小于盾构直径的2倍。

8.1.4 平行掘进的两个盾构之间最小净距,应根据施工地区的地质情况、盾构大小、

掘进方法、施工间隔时间等因素确定,且不得小于盾构直径。

8.1.5 盾构施工中,必须采取有效措施防止危及地面和地下建筑物、构筑物的安全。

8.2 施工准备

8.2.1 盾构工作井应符合下列规定:

1 拼装用工作井的宽度应比盾构直径大1.6~2m;长度应满足初期掘进出土、管片运输的要求;底板标高宜低于洞口底部1m;

2 拆卸用工作井的大小应满足盾构的起吊和拆卸的要求;

3 盾构基座和后座应有足够的强度和刚度;

4 盾构基座上的导轨定位必须准确,基座上应预留安装用的托轮位置。

8.2.2 盾构掘进前,应建立地面、地下测量控制网,并应定期进行复测。控制点应设在不易扰动和便于测量的地点。

8.2.3 后座管片宜拼成开口环,且应有加强整体刚性的闭合刚架支撑。

8.2.4 拆除洞口封板到盾构切口进入地层过程中,应预先采取地基加固措施。

8.3 盾构掘进

因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容

Copyright © 2019- pqdy.cn 版权所有 赣ICP备2024042791号-6

违法及侵权请联系:TEL:199 1889 7713 E-MAIL:2724546146@qq.com

本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务