一、关系代词引导定语从句
1.关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例句:I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 2.关系代词which的用法which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。
例句:I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。
3.关系代词that的用法that既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。
例如:Is she the girl that sells newspapers?她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗?(that可以换成who)
二、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句常用的关系副词只有三个:when, where, why,在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。口诀:the time when、the place where、the reason why
1.关系副词when的用法关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间,when在定语从句作时间状语.
例如:In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(when先行词是months)
2.关系副词where的用法关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点,where在定语从句作地点状语。
例句:This is the place where Li Bai once lived.这是李白曾经生活过的地方。(where先行词是place)
3.关系副词why的用法关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因,why在定语从句作原因状语。
例如:The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。 三、特殊关系代词as:
1.在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中,
You may take as many books as you want.你想要拿多少书就拿多少。(第一个as是副词,修饰many的;第二个as才是关系代词,代替先行词books,在定语从句中作宾语)
2.于主句之外,As we know, As is known to us,,As we know和 As is known to us引导的都是定语从句.
例句:As we know,the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知,地球围绕太阳旋转。
四、关系代词who, which与that的区别 (一)关系代词who与that的区别
1. 当关系代词用作主语时,多用主格who。
例如:He who loses hope loses all.失去希望的人就失去一切。(先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时,多用who)
2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时,用宾格whom,不用that。
例如:The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。 3. 当关系代词泛指人时,多用that。
例如:He is a man that is never afraid of failure.他是个从不怕失败的人。(that用来泛指人)
4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时,应用that。 例如:Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁?
(二)关系代词which与that的区别
1. 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时,关系代词用that
例如:All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物,未必尽黄金。
2. 当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时,关系代词一般都用that。
例如:This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的一部小说 3. 当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时,应用that。
例如:Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆?(这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复which) 4. 在非性定语从句中,关系代词一般只用which。
例如:Beijing, which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games. 北京是中华人民共和国的首都,将主办2008年奥运会。 5. 介词后的关系代词用which,而不用that。
例如:She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps. 她收集了600张邮票,其中60%是德国邮票。
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